The Family of John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia

THE FAMILY OF JOHN CORNMAN, SUGAR BAKER OF PHILADELPHIA By MILDRED Gosuow The importance to Philadelphia of the business of sugar refining gives special interest to the beginning of the industry in the city's colonial and early national periods. In the few brief studies of the history of the industry in Philadelphia that have been made,' the "old sugar house" in the Northern Liberties was mentioned as probably the earliest, but no history of it was given, and few of the early refiners were noted.' One of these early "sugar bakers" was JOHN EVERHARD CORNMAN, born in Kirchhavn, Upper Hesse, Germany, 28 January 1726. He probably learned his trade of sugar baking by apprenticeship, since at that time the trade was a "mystery," handed down from one generation of bakers to the next.' • Research for this article was first undertaken by Miss Goshow in order to establish the Cornman ancestry of only one branch of the . family. Because of the Commons' connection with a section of Philadelphia's physical development during the last half of the eighteenth century, the Editors suggested the account be expanded to include in more detail other branches of the family and to indicate more fully how the city's history impinged upon them. In collaboraPon with Hannah Benner Roach, the account was accordingly revised in the form here presented. G. A. Browne, "Early Philadelphia Sugar Refiners and Technologists," in the Journal of Cheinicai Education, XX, No. II (November, 1945), 122 - 530. See also Nod Deerr, The History of Sugar (London, 1950), II, 462. ■ 8 C. A. Browne, in the art cle cited above, m'istakenly located the "old sugar house—possibly the first in the Philadelphia area—in Kensington. Its actual location was on the west side of Front Street beyond the old city limits just south of the junction of the Germantown, Frankford and Kensington roads. It had been erected by Thomas Green, carpenter, in 1734 - on land he had acquired by his marriage to Sarah, the widow of Daniel Pegg. See Philadelphia Deed Book F-7, 137: 2 Aug. 1754, Thomas Green to William Parsons, and ibid., 139: 3 Sept. 1734, William Parsons to Thomas Green. Its location, as well aa the Green dwelling, is shown on A Plan of the City and Environs of Philadelphia. . published by William Faden in 1777. The Greens leased the sugar house property to William Wallace, as evidenced by advertisements in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 19 Jan. 1743/4 and 8 March 1764. He was succeeded by Allen, Turner and Company until 17670 when John William Hoffman became the tenant. See Pennsylvania Gazette, 17 Sept. 1767, 10 March 1773, at which latter time the refinery belonged to the two daughters of Thomas Green and his second wife, Martha Fisher. See Philadelphia Will Book P. 66, #44: 1771, will of Martha Green. She was a daughter of Joseph Fisher, as per Philadelphia Deed Book G-I, 241: 20 Nov. 1738, Thomas Green to George House. For a description of the sugar house. see the insurance survey made 3 9m 1768. by the Philadelphia .Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire, Survey Book 2, 4, microfilm roll #6, Historical Society of Pennsylvania (HSP)• Browne, cited above, also mentioned as sugar refiners Samuel Miles, Jacob Morgan, and Edward and Isaac Pennington who operated in the e"ighreenth century. Dcerr, cited above, mentioned che firm of Morgan, Schaffer and Douglass. Hereinafter unless otherwise cited, all deeds, wills, adm .mistrations and sirnilar civil records are Philadelphia records. Date and place of birth are from hls gravestone, as given in Moravian Inscriptions, Franklin and Vine Street, Philadelphia, compiled by John Ny Jordan, 99, in Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania (GSP), hereinafter cited as Moravian Inscriptions. Kirchhavn is about seven miles due . east of Marburg. For mention of the first treatise on sugar refining, published in 1764. see Doerr, cited in Note 1 above, II, 464. 189 190 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine He probably emigrated in the 1750's, but no certain record of his arrival has been found. He was not rated in Philadelphia in the 1756 assessment and no record of him in the city has been found until four years later. On 2 September 1760, when he was in his mid-thirties, he obtained a license to marry ELIZABETH Goos, daughter of Adam and Elizabeth Goos, and the next day was married to her at St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Philadelphia.' Her father, John Adam Goos, was born 12 May 1712, in Rosenthal, about eleven miles north of Kirchhavn, in Hesse Kassel. He had emigrated to Philadelphia, possibly with his wife Elizabeth, on the ship Robert and Alice, and had qualified 3 December 1740. Four years later on 6 December 1744, a son William Ludwig Goos was born, and baptised the following 14 December, but probably died young, as there is no further record of the child. In the list of members in 1747 of the Moravian Church of Philadelphia, Adam "Gus" was described as a hatter.' However, in all property records relating to him, where his occupation was given, he was described as a biscuit baker, a trade he probably learned during the period of the French and Indian Wars, when provisions for the army were in greater demand than the services of a hatter. Although he, too, was not rated in the city in 1756, by that year he was established as a baker in Second Street, and had advertised in July that his German servant, Jean George Lofferend, between thirteen and fourteen years old, had run away.' Within three years he had prospered to such an extent that he was able to buy an entire square of ground in the outskirts of the city. On 9 July 1759, he bought for £640 from Henry Shute, William Shute, Atwood Cowman and John Shute a messuage, bakehouse and tract of land in Dock Ward.' The property extended 396 feet from Eleventh to Twelfth Streets, and 468 feet from Spruce to Pine. A two-story farm 1 A John Theobald Kornman arrived -in New York in June 1750, on the laloravi ship Irene. Wilfiarn H. Egle, Notes and Queries, 4th Seri, I (New Series, 1893), 295" It is possible an error was made the middle name. 5 Elizabeth Goon' birth date is not given "In the Moravian registers, but she was probab/y at least teen, and possibly eighteen or older when she married. In the transcript of the marriage records of St. Pasd's Church at GSP, her name is spelled Goose. ln the transcript of marriage licenses in Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd Series, II (1890), iii, spelled Goo/ on page 58, and Goon on page 100. CR C. Reichel, A Register of the Members of the Moravian Church, 1727-3754 (Bethlehem, Pa., 1873), 96, 98, 99. See also transcript of Records of the First Moravian Church of Philadelphia, GSP, hereinafter cited as Moravian Records. Names in this record are arranged alphabetically. William J. Hinke, ed., Pennsylvania German Pioneers (Norristown, Pa., 19341, I, 286 - 288, Lists 79-A-B-C. On these ship lists Adam's name is translated as Gorsh, Gass and Goss; as proper Geroun spelling was probably Gus, Gusz or Gas. See Christopher Sauer's Pennsylvanisabe Geschichts-Schreiber, 1 July 1756, or Edward W. Hooker's translation of this and other entries from German newspapers showing genealogical data relating to German settlers, 58, HSP. Here Adam's name is given as Guus.z. 8 Deed Book 1-13, 251. 9 July 1759, Henry Shute of al. 00 Adam Goon. John Comment, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 191 house on the tract, said to have been built about 1741, stood on the west side of Eleventh Street 225 feet south of Spruce. The main part of the house was thirty-two feet wide by fourteen feet deep and had two rooms on each floor. A one-story stone kitchen, sixteen by fourteen feet, was attached to the back.' The entire square, the major portion of which had been part of the land granted by William Penn in 1682 to the Free Society of Traders, had been resurveyed and patented to William Atwood on 9 August 1736. It was probably at his direction that at least the bake house had been first built—there was a dwelling of some sort already on the property in 1736 —and then rented by him to tenants, the product of the bake house possibly forming part of the merchandise in which he dealt. Adam Goos may have been the , latest of these tenants, having moved there some time after 1756, arranging to purchase the property six years after Atwood's death.' Just a month after Adam's purchase of the place, he conveyed a portion of it at the northeast corner of Pine and Twelfth, to Matthias Shade, a sugar baker, for £105." This was a large lot with a frontage of 150 feet on Pine and 168 feet on Twelfth. Then, having acquired real estate in the city, Adam apparently deemed it advisable to assure his right and title to it by becoming a naturalized citizen of the Province. Accordingly, on the following 24 September 1759, before the "Supream Court" he took and subscribed by affirmation, being as a Moravian one of those "who conscientiously scruple to take an Oath," the necessary qualifications." 0 For the size of the buildings roc Loose Surveys, on uils .ich pofic'ws 1190, 1191, 1192 were 'Issued by the Philadelph:a Contribmionship, cited in Note 2 above, microfilm roll #6, IISP. 10 William Atwood had purchased on 28 Jan. 1724/5 for 129 that portion of the square which ex- tended 366 feet north from Pine between Eleventh and Twelfth Streets. He applied to the Proprietors early M 1736 for the 102 feet directly north of this on the south side of Spruce. So that the whole square might "bc circumscribed by the several streets whereon the said los or parts may be bounded In order IO reduce them within one entire sqvare," the two tracts were resurveyed 27 Jan. and 6 Fob. 1735/6, and a patent issued to Atwood 9 Aug. 1736. See Exemplification Book 4, 28, patent to William Arwood of the patent recorded in Patent Book AA-12, 321, Land Office, Department of Internal Affairs, Harrisburg, Pa. By 1740 there was an orchard established in the square. Pennsylvania Gazette, 5 June 1740. When Atwood died in 1792, the property descended to his "cousiti;'1 also called "nephew," Atwood Shute. ■ Will Book 32,031, #189:1754, will of Wilt,,, Atwood. Atwood Shute died incestate and without issue, and was bur ed in Christ Church graveyard 20 Oct. 1758. The property descended then to Barnaby Shute, his nephew, who sold It to Henry Shiite, William Shute, Atwood Cowman and John Shute, the grantors who conveyed it to Adam Coos. 11 Deed Book 0-76, 338: 4 Aug. 1799, Adam Goos to M.thies Shade. As Mathias Shealy, he was one of the tsvo sugar bakers listed in the 1756 assessment list for the city proper. The other was George Beck. See "Taxable, M the City of Philadelphia, 1756," Tifif Penneylvan;a Genealogical lelagazine, XXII (1961), 27, 41. An earlier sugar baker woo,,,, Peter Delage who was at John Dillwyn's house, "the upper end" of Second Street, early in 1736. When Defage died in 0700,0 death nocl -ce said he had lived in Philadelphia upwards of thTrty years. and was of French descent. 3 July 1766. Pennsylvania GaYette, 23 Feb. 1735/6, John Adam, in 1748 at the sogar house "on Society Hill," may have been a sugar baker, but was not listed as such in the Dock Ward 1756 assessment. 52 Pennsylvania cleclOves, 2nd Ser.ies, II (I 890). 3429 Penneyltrania Gazette, 12 May 1748. 192 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine For his newly acquired son-in-law, Adam Goos in 1761 built a new three-story brick sugar house north of the old farm house, separated from it by a twenty foot alley he laid out to run west from Eleventh to Twelfth Street.' That year, on 31 July 1761, the merchant John William Hoffman "at the corner opposite to Daniel Etter, Race street," announced that he had established a sugar house "in association with John Common." Thus it would appear that the sugar house had been erected prior to that date, and was, along with his knowledge of the craft, Cornman's contribution to the partnership. Hoffman's store location opposite Daniel Etter, a stocking weaver, may have been in the Dillwyn house at the northwest corner of Second and Race which had been occupied by Benjamin Franklin between 1748 and 1750: 1 The association was undoubtedly profitable, for on 20 July 1762, John Cornman and his father-in-law for £600 bought back from Matthias Shade the same lot Shade had purchased two years before from Adam Goos, "together with the two new Brick Tenements on the same lot [which] by him the said Matthias Shade erected and made." Into this new double two-story brick building on Pine Street, thirty-two feet wide and sixteen feet deep, with a one-story kitchen and piazza twenty-five by twelve feet deep across the back, Adam Goos and his wife, and John Cornman and Elizabeth, with their infant daughter Elizabeth, probably soon moved. Adam's wife Elizabeth, however, did not long enjoy her new home, for she died in July 1763." When Adam Goos had acquired the square between Spruce and Pine west of Eleventh Street, it was a good distance from the built-up section of the city. Except for a few scattered dwellings sitting in lonely isolation, the nearest building of any size was the recently erected Pennsylvania Hospital, the first portion of which, near Eighth Street, had been built in 1755. It was in this institution that "Johann Georg Sonneberger, a sugar refiner who worked for Mr. Kornman" died on 9 july 1765; the records of St. Michael's Lutheran Church noted that he "died at the hospital this morning." During the next two years another building was la According to the insurance survey, cited in Note 9 above, the sugar house in 1767 was "about 6 years old." It was 36 by 24 feet, only about half she sire of the "old sugar house" belonging to Thomas Green. The later was 60 by 10 fees deep, four stories high, having a "double pitched roof." M Ste the Hooker translation from Sauer's newspaper, cited in Note 7 above, 97: also Pennsylvania references, and other newspaper notices mentioned in the text are from the file of newspaper extracts collected by Hannah Bei, net Roach. Gazette, 17 Sept. 1761 for Dan;e1 Etter's location "opposite to Dillwyn's." These Deed Book 0-49, 252: 20 July 1762, Macchia. Shade to Adam Goos and John Cornman. Adasn Goos' new house "where he dwells" and which was occupled "as two tenements" in 1767, was surveyed at the same time as the old farm house and the sugar house. See Note 9 above. For death of Eliaabeth Goos'ake W. C. Reichel, cited In Note 6 above, 96. John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 193 begun in the square directly across Eleventh Street from the old farm house. When finished, this would be the new House of Employment or "Bettering House" for the care of the city's poor." Perhaps it was the erection of this building, sq close to his hitherto .isolated property, which prompted Adam Goos to Insure his own buildings against loss by fire. On 31 July 1767, Gunning Bedford of the Philadelphia Contributionshm for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire, surveyed three of Adam's buildings: the "Shugar house," insured for 300 at 60%, the old farm house on Eleventh, insured for n50 at 30%, and the newer house on the north side of Pine Street, for £300 at 25%.' If the bakehouse was still standing, it was not included in the policy. A month later the partnership between John Cornman and John William Hoffman was terminated. Announcement of the association's end appeared 17 September 1767, in the Pennsylvania Gazette: Philadelphia, September 1, 1767 The Partnership of John William Hoffman, and John Corm-flan , having by special Agreement. dated this Day, been dissolved, all Persons that have any Demands against the said Partnership, are desired to bring in their Accounts: and those that are indebted, to pay off their Ballances to the said John William Hoffman (who is fully empowered to receive the same) at farthest the first day of November next. John William Hoffman, John Cornman Hoffman in ,the same issue announced that he was continuing "the business of refining sugars, at the old Sugar-house in the Northern Liberties, lately occupied by Messieurs Allen, Turner, and company." At his store in Second Street he noted he had to sell "Loaf Sugar, double, midling and single refined lump ditto, sugar candy and molasses; and all sorts of muscovado sugars in hogsheads, tierces and barrels. Also tea, coffee, &c." Cornman, on the other hand, advertised only sugar and molasses at his store between Third and Fourth on the north side of "Market street next door to Jacob Shoemaker, sen., opposite Henry Keppele." " Being now in business independently for the first time, with a family augmented by two more children, John, Cornmap apparently took thought for his status as a citizen. Obtaining a certificate according to 19 Transcript of the Records of Si. Michael's and Zion Lutheran Church' Burials, 1745-1771, 174, GSP. In the "Bettering House" the poor we. provided for wird the removal to Blocklcy in 183/. See Benjamin Davies, Plan of the City aad Saborin of Philadylfhia, Frge Library of Philadelphia, Logan Square. This plan shows tile buildings in the city in 1794, including those in the Cornman square. See also Davin' Sane tlarannt of the City of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, 1794), 47. See Note 9 above. 1 9 Philadelphia Directory, 1767-1768, Compiled from Philadelphia Newspapers, GSP. The precise dace of the original of this notice has not been /ocated, it would appear to have been in 1768 after the dissolution of the partners146 194 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine regulations showing that he had taken the Sacrament on 8 August 1767, he appeared that year before the Supreme Court at the SeptemberOctober sitting. There he took the usual affirmation as a Moravian, and made the declaration of allegiance as prescribed by law." The change in Cornman's business status occurred during unsettled times. Faced by a large postwar debt, the British ministry in 1764 had determined to enforce the old trade laws and revitalize the customs service. Of peculiar interest to sugar refiners was the Sugar Act passed that year affecting the price of their raw material. Then in the following year was passed the Stamp Act, designed to bring in additional funds to support the colonial military establishment. Repealed in 1766, "taxation without representation" was still a sore point in the colonies when the Townsend Acts, effective in November 1767, levied import duties on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea. Non-importation of taxable goods, in effect since 1765, had been abandoned with the repeal of the Stamp Act, but all during 1768, its revival was strenuously argued. By the spring of 1769, after the arrival in Boston the previous fall of British troops which were quartered on unwilling Bostonians, importations were again limited. During this unsettled period Cornman probably gave up his store in Market Street, for in the 1769 assessment his name appeared only in Dock Ward where he lived. There he was listed as a sugar baker immediately following his father-in-law Adam Goos. He was paying Adam £45 a year rent, presumably for the sugar house, as well as a nominal £10 for his family's lodging in the other half of the new house on Pine Street. Adam's rateable estate of 6s. included this dwelling, rated at .00, a horse, two cows, the two rents from Cornman, and an additional El() from one "Warrell," possibly the tenant in the old farm house or a lodger living with Adam." In 1770, when the Townshend Acts were repealed, leaving only the duty on tea in effect, non-importation collapsed once more. in Philadelphia tensions relaxed somewhat in spite of word of clashes up in Boston between the citizenry and British troops. The following year Adam Goos acquired for £20 an indentured servant, William Baker, bound to P, Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd Series, 11 (1090), 401. 00 See original 1769 Assessment Lgt for Dock Vilard, Philadclphla, 106, The heavIly edited trap- cript of that year's assessment in Pennsylvania A.( h(zys, Ird Seri, XIV, omits the game: of tcliants under landlords. The head.* "Tax" should be "Rateable Fstacc" Piles ir actually mpresents the amount on which the tax was based. The originals of khese liats arc in tIm Pcnmyk l allia Higorical and 21tpeurn Commission, Division of Public Records, Harrisburg. TR: entries for COO, and Cornnmn in the printed version arc on page 176 of the volume cited above. The "Warrell" who paid 010 rent to Asians CoPs may have lama one of the family of John and Alice Worrell, risensburs 4. 1740 of the Moravian congregation John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 195 serve him eight years, at the end of which time he was to have his freedom dues." So far as is known, it was these three men, Goos, his servant William Baker and the son-in-law John Cornman who then operated the sugar house. The times did not improve, but the passage of the Tea Act in 1773, the closing of the port of Boston in the following spring, and the passage of the Quartering Act that summer of 1774, which legalized the quartering of troops, not only in taverns and empty buildings, but in occupied dwellings as well, do not seem to have affected the industrious sugar bakers. By the summer of 1774 John Cornman had built a new house on Adam's property at the southwest corner of Eleventh and Spruce, into which he had apparently moved his growing family of four sons and two daughters. That year his assessed estate included a separate dwelling— the new house—rated at £40; one servant, probably William Baker, and a horse and two cows. He was paying his father-in-law ground rent of £3 a year which reduced his total rateable estate to £23 16s. 8d. Adam Goos' rateable estate of 149 16s. included his dwelling, the sugar house and lot, all valued together at £60, rent of £14 from James Tomlinson and £9 from Jacob Weis.' In the spring of 1775, Adam Goos, now nearly sixty-four years of age, released to his son-in-law the entire north half of the city square Goos had purchased in 1759. The conveyance stated that Whereas the said Adam Goos in the Year 1761 did build St erect on the said premises at the Distance of about twenty-one feet Northward from the Old Farm House a new Sugar Refinery and laid om a Lane or passage of the width of twenty-one feet to be run and Continued from the said Eleventh street the same Course as the North Wall of the Farm house and the South Wall of the said Refinery house stand between the said Walls to the said Twelfth street, And whereas the said John Cornman has paid and satisfied the said Adana Coos the fill Value of the said new Sugar Refinery, And has likewise at ht own proper Cost and Charge built and completely finish a double three Story Brick Messuage with a two story Kitchen & other Buildings on the North End of the said whole Square, Now this Indenture Witnesseth that the said Adam Guns in Consideration of the premises and of the sum of five shillings ... doth grant ... unto the said John Cornman All that Northermost part of the square City lot which is bounded Eastward by the said Eleventh Street Nortlawkd by the said Spruce street Westward by the said Twelfth street and Southward by the said intended Lane of twenty-one feet wide. . . 21 Pennsylvania Gernran Snciely Proverdings, XVI (1907), 4. A search in this record of indentures for the years 1771-1773 revealed no apprentices indentured to /earn the art of sugar-baking. . Sce original 5774 Assessment List Cot Dock Ward, 40, es cited in Note 20 above, end Archers, lid SeiTes, XIV, 239, in which the same error r, is made respecting the alleged 17111 55." .Deed Book D - 11, 340: 10 M6's 1775, Adain Goss to John Cornman Pennsylvania 196 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine The previous fall, representatives from all the colonies except Georgia had met together in the Carpenters' Hall downtown in an effort to find some common measures, binding on all the colonies, which would force repeal of the obnoxious acts passed by Parliament. The most radical of these delegates had managed to have passed a resolution calling for economic sanctions against England, and advised all the colonies to arm themselves and form their own militia. Now, less than a month after Adam Coos made over the sugar refinery property to John Cornman, word arrived in Philadelphia of fighting at Concord and Lexington. At a giant mass meeting in the State House yard of "near 8000 people," the assembled citizens unanimously agreed to "associate for the purpose of defending with Arms their property, liberty and lives." Patriotic citizens, both gentry and artisans, associated themselves in military companies, elected officers, joined in battalions, and drilled regularly on the commons within sight of the sugar refinery. In June, word of a day-long battle at a place called Breed's Hill, across the Charles River from Boston, further alarmed Philadelphians. A second Congress, convened in the city, authorized the forming of a Continental Army to relieve Boston, and non-importation was once more agreed upon. Reflecting on all these disturbing events, John Cornman seems to have come to the conclusion he had better arrange his affairs to accomodate them. Land, he apparently reasoned, could always be depended upon to support one if commerce and industry suffered, as in all likelihood they would, now that armed conflict had begun. Accordingly, early in February 1776, he bought for E1000 Pennsylvania currency a farm of 156 acres in Worcester Township in the upper part of Philadelphia County.' In July, independence was proclaimed, and in September New York was occupied by the British after a disastrous series of retreats into New Jersey by the colonial forces. The only heartening events were the unexpected capture of a large body of Hessians in an attack on Trenton at the end of the year, and the repulse of the British from that part of New Jersey. These engagements did little to reassure John Cornman, apparently, for early in March 1777, he bought a second and larger farm of 268 acres in Providence Township across the Reading Road from his previous purchase." Exactly two weeks later the Pennsylvania Assembly finally passed a militia bill. In effect a draft act, it was designed to force into service the Deed Book I-17, 489: 6 Feb. 1776, John Adolph Meyer to John Cornman. Do Meyer, a Moravian, had advertised his farm for sale in 1773. See Pennsylvania Gazette, Si Apr. 1773. 25 Deed Book 1 - 1 7 , 486: 3 March 1777, Elizabeth Boyer et al., executors of Stephen Boyer, to John COM11.1. John Common, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 197 large number of able-bodied men who so far had not joined the companies of voluntary associators. Under the draft act, the city by midApril 1777, was divided into eight geographical districts, all of Dock Ward forming one district. Within each district, all able-bodied men between the ages of eighteen and fifty-three were required to join themselves into companies. Each company was divided by lot into eight classes liable to be called out in rotation, beginning with the first class, for a two months' tour of active duty. The eight companies so formed in each district constituted the battalion of its district. Those who, because of religious scruples, declined to bear arms, were required to provide a substitute, or were subject to a fine." The eight companies in Dock Ward, forming the Second Battalion of the Philadelphia City militia, elected Sharp Delany, a druggist, as their battalion colonel. When the Third Company of this battalion elected its company captain, the grocer Philip Pankake received the most votes; when class lots were drawn, John Cornman, entered on the rolls as "John Corman," found himself in the fifth class." He presumably drilled on the nearby commons with his company on the prescribed exercise and battalion days held the end of April and May, since he paid no fine for non-appearance." But by the time the third class of the city militia was called up toward the end of July," when the British approach to the city seemed imminent, he probably decided to remove his family to one of the country farms he had so providently purchased. So far as is known, he remained there with them; so long as sugar imports from the West Indies were cut off by the British blockade of the Delaware, his refinery was idle, and there was little business to keep him in the city. When he finally returned to Philadelphia in July 1778, after the British evacuation, he found that his sugar house had been taken by the British for a hospital, along with the Bettering House in the next square 20 Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania from 16R2 to 18H, IX (1776-1779), 75-94, Chapter DCCL. See Pennsylvanta Evening Post for 19 Apr. 1777 for notice of election of field officers in the city. 2, Pennsylvania Archives, 6th Series, I, 126. This Gcneral Return is in effect roll of all draftees for all the Dock Ward companies. Cornman had Mst passed his fifty-first birthday when the militsa bin was passed 17 March 1777. When the militia was reorganized in 1780, and the Second Battalion became the Fourth Battalion, Cornman was past draft age. 28 “State of the Accounts of the Lieutenant and Sub-Lieutenants of the City of Philadelphia and Liberties, 17,-1783," Penu,sylvania Archives, 3rd Series, V, 430-431. These lists 2re more familiarly known as Fine Lists. On this particular one, No. 3, recording fines assessed against those who did not show up on exercise days, John Corrunan's name is not included, hence the inference he must have drilled with his company. 2 0 On 15 June 1777, Congress had recommended that the first and second classes of the city militia be called out. The third class was called up the following 28 July, the fourth dass 6 September, and the fifth and sixth classes 13 September See Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania. • • • (Harrisburg, Pa., 1802)' IX, 224, 254, 293. 100, 304. 198 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine and all the church buildings in the city. Damage to the property he estimated at £1431; missing was "a large scale beam made by Acquila Jones," which, Cornman said when he advertised for it, had been "taken out of his house while he was in the country."" On 29 July 1778, he paid his fine of £37 10s. assessed against him for non-performance of militia duty,' and set about the business of cleaning up his property and getting the refinery back into operation. In the process of refining sugar at that time, fresh bullock blood from the slaughter house or white of eggs was used for the clearing medium; two gallons of blood or seventy to ninety eggs were required for a pan of about four tons of sugar. The boiling room was on the first floor. The upper floors were used for storing the cone-shaped moulds while the sugar was drained, treated for discoloration, and dried in the heated drying room, a process requiring many days. The finished product was sold in loaves, wrapped in blue or violet paper to mask the yellow tint of the sugar, as powdered sugar, or as candy sugar which had been crystallized on threads.' Whether John Comm= now tended to all this work by himself, or had helpers, is not known. His son Adam, aged fifteen in 1779, probably worked with him, since he became a sugar baker. But Adam Goos was nearly seventy, and the servant William Baker's time expired that year. 30 J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884 (Philadelphia, 1884), I, 359, 186; Pennsylvania Gazette, 30 July 1778. SI Pennsylvania Archives, sod Series, V. 489. This Fine List No. 38 shows fines assessed for "not marching with the militia, 1,5 tour," as noted on page 410. Until a supplement to the militia act was passed 30 Dec. 1777, the fine was 037 10s. After that it was raised to 040. See Statutes at Large . • . IX, 185 - 186, Chapter DCCLXXXI. As the seventh and eighth classes of the city militia could not be called out in 1777 because of the British occupation, when they were called up in September 1778, they were subject to the Increased fine. 80 Noel Deer,, cited in Note 1 above, II, 464' Competitors of Cornman had included John Malcolm, before the Revolution on Shippen Street above Second in Southwark, as noted in the Philadelphia Directory, cited in Note 18 above. He did not operate after the war. Peter Miercken, born in Hamburg, had been in Philadelphia working as a sugar baker since about 1761, and in 1769 was so listed when he hoed on the east side of Second just south of Elfreth's Alleys "Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives of the Province of Pennsylvania," Pennsylvania Archires, 8th Series, VIII, 6610; Slid., fed Series, XIV, 197. In 1770 he removed to "the Sugar House in Shippen between Second and Third," probably to the one formerly occupied by Malcolm, and from 1772 on, was in business under various firm names, such as Peter Miercken & Co., and Morris & Miercken. Pennsylvania Gazette, 13 Sept. 1770, 30 Apr. 1772. Edward Penington in 1763 had a sugar house "the upper end of Market," and in 1771, one on the north side Pennsylvania Gazette, 20 Oct. 1763; Philadelphia Contribuof Race between Fourth and Fifth Streets. tionship Survey Book 2, 59, microfilm roll #6, HOP. In 1780 he was in business under the firm name of Pennsylvania Parker, 28 Oct. 17811• His partner was Penington & Schaffer "at their store in Race." probably David Schaffer, but whether father or son of that name is uncertain. In 1770, the original sugar house of the elder David Schaffer, who lived on the west side of Second above . Arch, fronted on Moravian Alley. Survey Book 2, 40, loc. oil. In 1774 Schaffer bought John William Hoffman', house and be adjoining on the north his own property, and after the Revolution started to build a teem sugar house on that lot. When Schaffer died in 17137, he directed that the new one be finished and furnished with "the stanchng stock of Pans, Cisterns, Stoves, Pots, Moulds and other utensils of the industry" so that a tenant could "begin to boil and refine." Will Book T, 494, #289178), will of David Schaffer. sugar baker. As his son David was also a sugar refiner, a f. difficult to separate their activities. John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 199 However he managed, Cornman was able to marry off his eldest daughter Elizabeth that year, and in 1780 was sufficiently prosperous to invest in additional real estate in the city, in spite of spiralling prices and depreciated money. By March of that year $40 in paper currency was quoted at only one in hard money, and some people were asking as much as $60 in paper for one Spanish milled dollar. For those who had paper money and could find takers, real estate was as sound an investment as any. Thus, John Cornman apparently decided to unload the quantities of paper he had acquired in his business in exchange for land which could only increase in value. Late in February 1780, he bought for £1000 the three-story brick house and printing office of the Moravian printer, Henry Miller. Back in 1771, by arrangement with Ann Dillwyn, Miller had built the house and office on an 18 by 114 foot lot on the north side of Sassafras (Race) Street, midway between Second and Third opposite Moravian Alley. Now seventy-eight years old, he was retiring from business, and intended to end his days at the Moravian settlement in Bethlehem. By the end of the year, Cornman had rented the premises to Godfrey Haga, another Moravian who was a grocer by trade." In April 1780, Cornman acquired another piece of real estate. This tract on the south side of Spruce, ran 264 feet west from Thirteenth Street, and extended 234 feet south from Spruce. Also part of the Free Society lands, it cost Cornman £14,000 in paper money." Then ten days ■ 00 The rate of deprecation of Cont nental paper currency is iiven in Pennsylvania Gazette, 5 July 1780. Thor,,, of 60 for one is indicated in the report of the subscriptions raised by the ladies of Philadelphia to help clothe the army, in /bd., 12 July 1780. For Henry Miller's announcement that he had moved to Race Street, see ;bid • 13 June 1771. In the early spring of 1778 Miller. press and type were appropriated by the Tory printer James Robertson who claimed "Howe said he could." Ibid., 23 July 1778. Miller's Pennsylvanischer Staatsbote had been published in Philadelphia since 1762. For recital of his agreement with Ann Dillwyn, see Deed Book F-I0, 3645 30 June 1772, Ann Dillwyn to Henry Miller , for the sale to Cornman, see ibid., 1-17, 495: 26 Feb. 1780, Henry Miller to John Cornman. 81 Deed Book 1-17, 509' 11 Apr. 1780, William Morgan to John Cornman. On 7 Feb. 1723/4, David Evans, innholder, bought a tract of land extending 528 feet from Thirteenth to "the Broad Street," and from Pine Street northward 366 feet, paying 630 for it. Deed Book F-4, 475' Charles Read et al. to David Evans. The next day Evans sold off the west moiety to George Jones, and on 9 . Sept. 1730 the east moiety for S40 to Joseph Harwood. His widow Sarah, who subsequently had married Charles Read, with her second husband sold this east moiety on 18 Oct. 1711 to George House, a cordwainer. Nord, of this tract, a lot running 102 feet to Spruce Street, House applied for in the summer of 1738. The entire tract, 468 feet on Thirteenth by 264 feet on Spruce and Pine, was resurveyed 0 Aug. 1738 and 8 000000 issued to House ten days later. See Exemplification Book 5, 12, of patent recorded m Patent Book A. 1, 1131 see also Pennsylvania Archives, 3rd Series, VIII, 178 and ibid., X, 260, 263. George House died intestate leaving a widow Esther and five children: Joseph, Samuel, Mary who had m. at Christ Church, 23 Dec , 1749, Morris Morgan; Rachel who m. at St. Paul's Episcopal Church, II Dec. 17600 James Taylor, and Ann who m. at Christ Church 14 Aug. 1759. Francis Hammet. On partition of George House's estate by the sheinlf, the north half of his lot was assigned to House's daughter Mary Morgan, whose only son and heir. V/illiam Morgan, conveyed the lot to John Cornman. In 17505 the south half of the lot had been made over to House's son Samuel whose administrators, Mary House and Isaac Stretch, advertised it for sale in the Pennsylvania Gazette 26 March 1767. This portion had o small building on it, probably the original building which NV,, there when the tract had been patented to George House. 200 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine later he bought a third property, this t;me on the east side of Second, between Mulberry (Arch) and Race Streets, where his daughter Elizabeth and her husband John Peter, Jr., were living. The premises were about 100 feet north of Arch Street and just south of Colonel Samuel Miles' dwelling, more or less opposite to the Morris brewery; for the three-story brick house and back buildings on the 14 by 82 foot lot, Cornman paid £700. One other property he acquired before his death. This was a house and lot 19 by 118 feet on the south side of High or Market Street between Sixth and Seventh which he purchased for £300 in May of 1783.' His father-in-law Adam Goos had been a member of the Moravian Church in Philadelphia practically since its establishment in 1742. The church stood on a 35 by 102 foot lot at the southeast corner of Moravian or Bread Alley and Race Street, between Second and Third. William Allen had conveyed the lot to trustees of the church in 1743. In 1782 the trustees acquired for church use .a second lot having a frontage of 25 feet on Race and adjoining the original church lot. That year both Adam Coos and John Cornman were among the six trustees in whom these properties were vested. Three years later in 1785 they were also among the eight members elected when the church's first local standing committee, or vestry, was formed. Again the following year they were among the new trustees to whom were conveyed the burial lot on the north side of Vine, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, which had been purchased for the use of the church back in 1757. Cornman contributed seventy cedar posts worth £8 19s. 7d., and eighteen shillings worth of nails towards repairing the fence enclosing this cemetery." In 1785, the year after the definitive treaty of peace with England had been ratified by Congress, Dock Ward, the largest in the city, was divided. All the land from the south side of Spruce to the north side of Cedar, between the rivers, now formed New Market Ward. As the city's Deed Book 1-17, 491: 20 Apr. 1780, Hugh Roberts et al. to John Cornman. See 1780 assessment list, Mulberry Ward, for John Peter, Jr 9 in Pennsylvania Archives, sod SerWs, XV, 327. The end of May, Cornman purchased an interest in another lot belonging to the heirs of George House, situated on the west side of Fourth, 204 feet south of Cedar (South) Street, which he sold six days later to Susanna Rodner Deed Book 1:14, 129: 25 May 1780, Rachel Taylor no al. to John Cornman: ibid., 0-3, 131: Si May 1780, John Corr:man to Susanna Rodney. For Cornman's Ian purchase see ibid., 0 - 7, 137: 31 May 1783, Rudolph Spangler to John Cornman, 08 See Abraham Ritter, History of the Moravian Church of Philadelphia from its Foundation in 1742 to the Present Time (Philadelphia, 1857), 43, 76, 161, 166, 167( for references to the church activities of Comm. and Goon. For deeds relating to the church lot, see Deed Book D-17, 107 5 15 Jan. 1782, Jacob Van Rind et al. to John Cornman et al.; ibid., 109: same date, Godfmy Haga ei al. to John Cornmap; ibid., 143: 18 Apr. 1785, John Common to George Schlosser no al. For deeds relating to the burial ground, see ibid., 656: 28 Dec. 1786, Ludwig Gassier, to John Common no al.; ibid., RDW-60, 421: 20 May 1789, George Schlosser et al. to John Cornman. See also Moravian Inscriptions, 28, cited in Note 3 above. This volume also contains • history of the burial ground. John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 201 population increased, the next year Mulberry Ward, at the north end , of the town, was similarly divided, Race Street forming the division line between North and South Mulberry Wards. The entire city was resurveyed and the lines of the streets re-established. On a new city plan prepared at this time, a memorandum on the Goos-Cornman square now in New Market Ward noted that "Cornman's house stands 6f. 3/4 too far west." The following year a convention of all the states assembled in Philadelphia to form a new and stronger constitution for the federal union. On 12 September 1787, six days before its deliberations were concluded, John Cornman's sugar house took fire." John Cornman himself was not operating the refinery, however. He had just that year put his son Adam in charge of the sugar house and moved the rest of his family to the house on the south side of High Street which he had bought back in 1783. In spite of this unfortunate beginning, Adam continued to operate the refinery, but was not listed separately in 1790 when the first census was made. As "Jacob Cornman, Sugar Bak"' his father John Cornman, in the High Street house, was listed as having a household of two males over sixteen years, one male under sixteen, four females, and one other free person, possibly a servant. Adam Goos was one of the two males over sixteen, inasmuch as he, too, was not listed separately, and had not been taxed for many years." In 1792 or 1793 John Cornman returned to the house at Spruce and Eleventh and reassumed responsibility for the refinery, as in 1793, in addition to the dwelling house, sugar house, two tenements and " ,/2 sq. on Spruce," he was assessed for two horses, a riding chair, a light waggon and one cow, for a total rateable estate of £2034, whereas Adam was assessed only on personal estate amounting to £S0. Here at the corner of Spruce and Eleventh John Cornman died on 22 June 1794, and was buried the following day in the Moravian burial ground on Vine Street." 80 See A Plan with the Measures of All the Squares, Si,,,,,, Lanes and Alleys, between Pine and Vine Streets, from the Delaware to the Schuylkill Rivers, prepared frorn surveys by John Lukens, Surveyor general of Pennsylvania. These manuscript maps, showing one city square on each page, are in the Free Library. Logan Square. For mention of the fire at the sugar house, see Jacob Cox Parson, Extracts from the Diary of Jacob Hiltaheimer (Philadelphia, 1893), entry for 12 Sept. 1787: "Went to the State House as usual, beard the cry of fire, and was informed it was Mr. Cornman's sugar-house near the Bettering House." The cost of materials and for repa rmg "the Sugar House of Adam Goose" amounted to 578 II,. 6d., of which the owner paid 03 70. ltd. See Minutes of the Directors, Philadelphia Contributionship, 343, under date of 2 Oct. 1787, microfilm roll #3. HSP. ■ ■ 88 Original Assessment Lists, New Market Ward, 1787-1793, Municipal Arch ves. Heads of Fansilies at the First Census Taken in the Year 1790: Pennsylvania (Washington, D. C., 1908), 227. 29 Parsons, coed in Note 57 above, 206. Hiltzhiimer on 23 June 1794, wrote that "In the after- noon attended the funeral of John Cornman, sugar refiner, from his house, Spruce and Tenth (sin] Streets." The date of Cornman's death is from his tombstone, as given in Moravian Inscriptions, 28, ciced in Note 3 above. In 1890, after the church sold the old burial ground at Franklin and Vine, his remains and gravestone were removed to the section purchased by the Moravian Church in Ivy Hill Cemetery. Cornman's widow Elizabeth was living at Eleventh and Spruce m 1794, as listed in Hard:e's Philadelphia Directory far that year 202 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine His will, signed while he was still in good health on 11 June 1792, with a codicil added 21 June 1794, written in his last illness, was probated five days later. As originally written, he gave to his wife Elizabeth all his personal estate, including his ready cash, his "Stock in Trade Sugars of all or any kind, monies out on Mortgage or Mortgages, Bond or Bonds, Notes of Hand, Book Debts, Plate, Merchandize, Horses, Mares, Colts, Sheep, Cows, Goods and Chattells," as well as all his real estate for her life. After her death, the sugar house and lot "in breadth One hundred feet and in depth One hundred & eighty feet," he gave to his son Adam, the only one of the sons trained as a sugar refiner. To his daughter Elizabeth, wife of John Peter, after the death of his own wife, he gave "one full equal & undivided eighth part of the whole into eight full equal parts to be divided of my Real Estate ... during the term of her Natural life independent and without the control of her said husband John Peter," emphasizing that his son-in-law was to have no right in the property. After his daughter's death, her share was to descend to his "Daughter's Child or Children which she now has or hereafter may have." All the rest of his real estate he devised, after the death of his wife, to his sons Adam, John, Joseph and William, and daughters Sybilla, now wife of Henry Clause, Mary and Juliana Cornman. The "bringing up, Maintaining & educating" of the minor children until they arrived at full age or were married, was to be charged to the whole estate; if necessary for their maintenance or the payment of his debts, the executors, his wife Elizabeth and sons Adam and John, were to sell such real estate, except for the sugar house and lot, as was necessary to discharge those expenses. The codicil revoked the terms of the bequest to his son Adam, granting to him instead, after the decease of his mother Elizabeth, "the free use & possession of my said Sugar House Lot & Ground with the Appurtenances together with all the Buildings & Improvements thereon erected for and during the Term of Twenty-one years and no longer." Immediately after the determination of that time, the property was devised to all the children named in his will." Four months before his death John Cornman had sold the Race Street property, which Godfrey Haga had rented, for £1410; six months after his death his executors sold the farm in Providence Township for £15 50," a sum apparently sufficient to pay off outstanding debts. Thus it was not until after the death of John Peter. Jr., in October 1795, that the family decided to sell any more of the real estate held by Cornman at the time of his death. 50 Will Book X. 81, #581794, will of John Cornman. 41 Deed Book 0-45, 34: 6 Feb. 1794, John Cornman to Abraham Shoemaker: Montgomery County Deed Book 8, 530: 25 Dec. 1794, Elizabeth Comm. •5 a/. to James Burns:de. John Cornmeal, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 203 Now the tract at Spruce and Thirteenth Streets was divided into twenty-three lots, thirteen of which fronted on Spruce and extended 120 feet south to an alley, today Cypress Street, which ran west to Juniper Street, on the west line of the whole tract. Five more lots fronted on Thirteenth Street south of Cypress, and five west of these on Juniper. Offered at public sale, the first lot sold, at the west end of the whole tract on Spruce, was bought by the hatter Stephen Payran for £82 in January 1796. In July two more lots, midway between that and Thirteenth, were sold for £80 each to two brickmakers, Matthias and Peter Benner. Three days before this sale, the Cornman executors had sold the Second Street house and lot for £200." Meanwhile, Adam Goos, now almost eighty-five, had begun to dispose of the land he still owned. In April 1796, he had sold to his grandson Adam Cornman for £300 a 26 foot lot adjoining on the south the old farm house. The latter property in 1797 he now made over to him, and gave to his granddaughter, Sybilla Clause, the 27 by 120 foot lot at the northwest corner of Eleventh and Pine Streets.' In January 1798, eight of the remaining Comm= lots on Spruce Street above Thirteenth were sold, as well as the four lots on Juniper immediately south of Cypress Street. Then Adam Coos in March sold to his grandson Joseph for £50 the 52 foot lot on Eleventh, next to the Clause's lot, and gave to his granddaughter Elizabeth, formerly Peter, now married to George Caruthers, the 26 by 120 foot lot south of Adam Cornman's lot on Eleventh Street. That same month the widow Elizabeth Cornman finally sold the Worcester farm, and at the end of the year the High Street house and lot. For the latter property she received £2700, for the farm $5065." 62 Deed Book IC-32, 392: 7 Jan. 1796, Elizabeth Cornman et al. to Stephen Payran; ibid., 0-59, 229, 233: 28 July 1796, Elizabeth Co,,,,,, of al.. Mathias Benner and Peter Benner( ibid., 0.59, 1030 25 July 1796, Elizabeth Cornman ct al. to Joseph Dietrich. 68 Deed Book 0-59, 372: 13 Apr. 1796, Adam Goo, oo Adam Comm.; ibid., AM-63, 164 , 29 Apr. 1835, Elizabeth (Seneff) Common to John Hunter in which is recited the sale of the farm house to Adam. Ibid., D-67, 393: 1 Apr. 1797, Adam Goos to Sybilla and Henry Clause. In the deeds fat lots on Eleventh Street, made by Adam Goos, provision was made for "reserving to be added to Eleventh Street, such part of said lot east of the line running North and South with the water table or front line of the Mansion House late of John Cornman, deceased, fronting on said street," which, as has been noted in the text, stood some six feet too far west. Deed Book 1C-32, 3892 4 Jan. 1798, Elizabeth Cornman d al. to Ebenever Branham; ibid., 0-68, 410: 6 Jan. 1798, Elizabeth Cornma9 et al. to Thomas Cuthbert; ibid., 0-74, 321: 4 Jan. 1798; Elizabeth Commoo. et al to John Prar Appended to this deed is a draft of the 23 low. Ibid., 313-67, 432, 4 Jan. 1798, Elizabeth Cornman et al. to Thomas Parry; ibid., D-70, 26: 4 Jan. 1798. Elizabeth Cornman et al. Grg.753, ibid., 0 - 75, 551 2 March 1798, Adam Goo, to Joseph Common; ibid., 0-74, 58: 1 March 1798, Adam Goos to Elizabeth Caruthers: Montgornery County Deed Book 12, 48: 17 March 1798, Elizabeth Common of al. to Christian Rosenberg; ibid., 11, 303:07 March 1798e Elizabeth Common of al. 16 Michael Brodt 0 ff. The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine 204 STREET) STEPHEN PAYRAN PLAN NS EPSHRIER BRANHAM P SHOWING SUBOIVISON OF REAL ESTATE CUTHBERT OF ADAM Goos MATHIAS BENNER a" AND PPTRP. RENNER JOHN CORNMAN JACOB SENNEFP L° • 1795-1799 F- ,0h00 PRAY JOHN E 9,O 99 JOHN ROSS 1 .20. PP SOUTH THIRTEENTH STREET S OUT H TWELFTH STREET OP ADAM 600S MATHIAS SHADE-1759 . 1—(APRRor, ‘RrAT).R.) JACOB MORGAN j. ANDREW DOUGLASS 4 L INN 292. 20 FOOT ALLEY (QUINCE STREET) JACOB MOREAN A ANDREW DOUGLASS NVYJ N,102 001, 9 9r4 9 Hil or SOUTH 2 .4 0 00 0002Re3s 0rt S. I VINN110 2 79r !... A. P O O ELVRABETH CORNMAN JM ORGA Ng. a t JOHN PRO, t I070 00 60 so MO us E MANSION HOUSE (APRROY ) ELEVENTH STREET A John Comment, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 205 By this time she and her aged father Adam had apparently decided to move to Lancaster Borough. Repeated epidemics of yellow fever which had caused the death of her daughter Sybilla and at least one of her infants, may well have influenced them in this decision. At any rate, she now disposed of the remaining lots on Thirteenth Street. Two, south of Cypress, she sold to the Caruthers; the two lots at the southwest corner of Spruce and Thirteenth, and the two southernmost lots of the whole tract, fronting on Thirteenth and on Juniper, she sold for £245 to John Ross who had married her daughter Mary in 1795. The two remaining lots between the Ross and Caruthers properties she reserved for herself." Although John Cornman had devised to his son Adam the use of the sugar refinery and its equipment for twenty-one years after his mother's death, the heirs now agreed to sell that property, as well as the mansion house at Spruce and Eleventh. Jacob Morgan and Andrew Douglass, sugar refiners, purchased the entire lot, 396 feet on Spruce by 204 feet south to the alley, in January 1799, for £7550, subject however to mortgages for the benefit of Sybilla Clause's only surviving son John, and the widow Elizabeth Cornman's minor daughter Juliana. Morgan and Douglass also bought from Adam Goos the 188 by 242 foot lot and messuages at the northeast corner of Twelfth and Pine, subject to a .E1000 mortgage due in 1802." The following May, Goos gave to his daughter Elizabeth two lots, one at the northeast corner of Pine and the alley now 4 . Deed Book D-76, 219: 4 Jan. 1799, Elizabeth Cornman of al. to George Caruthers; ibid., 0-76, 131' 22 Jan. 1799, Elizabeth Cornman of al. to John Ross; ibid., 0-74, 400: 4 Jan. 1799, Elizabeth Cornman of al. to John Barker who the same day reconveyed the property to Elizabeth Cornman. 40 Deed Book D-75, 239' 22 Jan. 1799, Adam Goos, Elizabeth Common of al. to Jacob Morgan and Andrew Douglass. For the mortgages, see ibid., 0-75, 12, 15, 17: 22 Jan. 1799, Jacob Morgan et al. to Elizabeth Cornman and to Adam Goos. The 01000 mortgage owing Adam Goos he subsequently assigned to his daughter Elizabeth Cornman. Her daughter Juliana, and grandson John H. Clause, were each to receive 0725 when of age. Jacob Morgan, son of Jacob Morgan, Sr., of Berks County, had been active in military affairs since the age of 17, and had been an ardent patriot during the Revolution. He was not a sugar baker by trade, but a merchant. In 1778 with Hilary Baker he was in Second Street above Arch, non' to the Schaffer,, selling bar-iron, imported salt, etc. Pennsylvania Parket, 20 Oct. 1778. In 1783 Morgan and Samuel Miles built 2 sugar refinery on Vine Street near Third, for the opening of which see Barton,, cited in Note 37 above, 58' After Miles became mayor of Philadelphia in 1790 and withdrew from the firm, Morgan took new partners, Andrew Douglass who became his son-in-law in 1791, marrying his daughter Rachel, and young Charles Schaffer, son of David Schaffer, Jr. The firm did business under the name of Morgan. Schaffer and Douglass at 54 and 56 NI Third Street. By the end of the century the Erm was Morgan and Douglass; both men died in 1802. See Will Book Y. 729, #85:1802, will of Jacob Morgan, and Administration Book R, 108, #113:1802, estate of Andrew Douglass. Andrew's widow, Rachel Douglass, 7, 15 March 1804' at Christ Church, James Ash. On 21 June 1805 she became the owner of the mansion house and sugar refinery at Eleventh and Spruce when her former husband's administrators, Mahlon Hutchinson and Samuel Wetherill, conveyed the property m her. See Deed Book AM' 47, 419: 21 June 1805, Mahlon Hutchinson of al. to Rachel Ash. This conveyance was for 204 feet on Eleventh Street to the 21-foot alley mentioned in earlier deeds, by 188 feet on Spruce. After the deaths of James and Rachel Ash. their son Morgan Ash became the owner of the property, on which the sugar refinery still stood. Deed Book AM-26, 234: 20 February 1832, Jacob M. Douglass of al. to John Hare Powel; 'bid., AM-26, 240: 19 Apr. '832, John Hare Powel Morgan Ash. 206 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Quince Street, and the other, further north on Quince back of her son Adam's lot. These she sold twelve days later to Morgan and Douglass." At the time of these conveyances, both she and her father were established in Lancaster, having removed there between the end of January and the first of May. Before they left Philadelphia, Adam had sold to his grandson, John Cornman, the lot on Eleventh Street immediately north of the one sold to Joseph Cornman. When in August 1799, Adam sold to his granddaughter, Mary Ross, the lot south of the Caruthers' lot on Eleventh, he had disposed of all of his holdings in the square except for the 26 by 188 foot lot between these two. This last lot he sold in March 1800 to Morgan and Douglass for $500." When he died four years later on 28 November 1804, in his ninetythird year, he was buried in the Moravian cemetery in Philadelphia. His daughter Elizabeth Cornman had returned to the city by then, and was keeping a boarding house at 48 North Sixth Street. From 1806 through 1808 she was listed in the Philadelphia directory as residing at Pine and Eleventh, presumably in the house built on the lot which Adam Goos had given his granddaughter Sybilla Clause. After 1808 the Widow. Corn man was no longer listed in the directories and probably was making her home with one of her children. She died 24 October 1815, and was no doubt buried in the Moravian cemetery, but no stone marked her grave." Issue of John Cornman and his wife Elizabeth Goos:" i. ELIZABETH CORNMAN, b. 3 May 1762; dec'd after 1818; m. 1st, at Mora;Ian Church, Philadelphia, 22 April 1779, JOHN PETER, JR., b. ca. 1759; d. 19 October 1795, aged 36, son of John Peter, Sr., and his wife Elizabeth.. Cl Deed Book 0-77, 130: 12 May 1799, Adam Goos to Elizabeth Cornman, in which the tract on Pine is described as three lots. In ibid., D-78, 105: 18 May 1799, Elizabeth Cornman to Jacob Morgan et al., the three lots am described as one. For the alley lot, see ibid., D-76, 335: 30 May 1799, Elizabeth Cornman to Jacob Morgan et al. The deed recorded immediately after this conveyance is the sale from Adam Goo, to his daughter. 40 Deed Book CF-1, 512: 6 May 1799, Adam Gone to John Common; ibid., 0-77, 344: n Aug. 1799 Adam Goo, to Mary Ross; ibid., CF-1, 510: 27 March ism Adam Goo, to Jacob Morgan et d. 49 Moravian Inscriptions, 107, cited in Note 3 above, gives his age as 92 years, 6 months, 9 days. As this would place his birth date at 19 May 1712, it was probably incorrectly deciphered, and should read 92 years, 6 month, 16 days. The date of his daughter's death is from Marriages and Deaths from Psalms , American Daily Advertiser, 1811-1825, 301, GSP 50 Birth and death dates of their children, unless otherwise noted, are from Moravian Records, cited in Note 6 above, and from Moravian Inscriptions, cited in Note 3 above. John Benedict Peter, Sr., a biscuit baker like Adorn Coos, was born 1 Jan. 1730. He emigrated from Igglebach, ten miles east of Neustadt, and an equal distance southwest of Kaiserslautern in the Palatinate, arriving in Philadelphia 28 Aug. 1750 on the ship Phoenix. Pennsylvania—German Pioneers, I, 439, List 154-C, as cited in Noce 6 above. By 1758 he was established in Second Street above Race "neat door to the Sign of the King of Denmark... Pennsylvania Gaxelt,, 7 Sept. 1758. He was active in the Moravian Church, serving as trustee at various times with Adam Goos and John Cornman. He died of John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 207 The young Peters fived first in the house on Second Street bought by John Coalman the year after their marriage. In 1783 they moved to Dock Ward, either to the old farm house on Eleventh Street, or took up residence with the Cornmans.. By 1790 they had moved elsewhere, perhaps with the elder Peters. John Peter, Jr., called himself a merchant or trader, but his business acumen apparently did not impress John . Cornman, since he deliberately excluded his son-In-law from any share in his estate, as noted previously. Issue, all bays. in Moravian Church, Philadelphia: I. ELIZABETH PETER, b. 6 November 1780. 2. Joists PETER, b. 3 March 1782; d. 22 April 1812, bur. Moravian cemetery, Philadelphia. "Grandson of the late John E. Cornman" was inscribed on his tombstone. 3. ANNA PETER, b. 30 November 1784. After John Peter, Jr.'s death, his widow Elizabeth lived for a year in the Second Street house with her brother William Cornman. While there she m. 2nd, at Gloria Del (Old Swedes) Church, Philadelphia on 6 June 1796, GEORGE CARUTHERS, a grocer, aged 24, son of Samuel and Sarah Caruthers of the State of Delaware, both then deceased.. In 1798, two years af ter this marriage, Elizabeth's grandfather Adam Goos gave them a lot on Eleventh Street between the lots he conveyed to her brother Adam, and sister Mary Ross. The following year the Caruthers acquired from the Cornman executors two of the Thirteenth Street lots on sloe south corner of the alley now Cypress Street. In 1801 when they were all living in Lancaster, they sold the Thirteenth Street lots to Elizabeth's mother, the Widow Cornman, for figs; she conveyed them the following November to John Cummings of Philadelphia, for $300. 5I When their son George Caruthers died in 1818, they had been residents of Harrisburg. Known issue: 4: GEORGE CAROTHERS, b. 15 April 1797; d. 17 May 1818, bur. Moravian cemetery, Philadelphia. In his will, dated two days before his death, he described himself as a nailcutter, son of George Caruthers, late of Harrisburg. Pennsylvania, and assigned his estate to his mother, Elizabeth Caruthers, He named his uncle, 3. Joseph Comm., then keeper of the debtors' Jail, his executor.. I. ii. ADAM CORNMAN, b. 15 March 1764; dec'd by $ February 1834, of whom further. 2. iii. SYBILLA CORNMAN, b. 16 October 1766; d. August 1797, of whom further. iv. JOHN CORNMAN, JR., b. 4 February 1769; d. 29 April 1812, bur. Moravian cemetery, Philadelphia. In 1787, when he was Just eighteen, he was enrolled as a private in the fifth company of the city's Artillery Battalion." He yellow fever 10 Oct. 1793. He had issue: John Peter, Jr., Jacob Peter who in. 29 May 1788, Sarah Weiss; George Peter whon. 9 Apr. 1795, Mary Bartow; Joseph Peter: Sybilla Peter; Mary Peter who rn. 20 June 1800, Lewis Matthey; Ann (Hannah) Peter who m. 7 July 1790, John Maybin; Elizabeth Peter who m. 8 May 1779, Jacob Lawersweiler. See Moravian Records, Moravian Inscriptions, and Will Book W. 596, #353:1793, will of John Peter. Pennsylvania Arr5h., 3rd Series, XV, 327, 621, ibid., XVI, 471, 758. .Original Assessment List, S. Mulberry Ward, 1795, Municipal Archives, Departrnem of Records. George Caruthers' age and parentage are given in the transcript of records of Gloria Dei (Old Swedes) Church, Philadelphia, Marriages 1795-1816, IV, 1828, GSP. ,1 Deed Book EFL 0, 495: 13 March 1801, George Caruthers to Elizabeth Cornman; Nov. 1801, Elizabeth Cornman tO John Cummings. 6, Will Book 6, 585, #74:1818, will of George Caruthers. 65 Moravian Inscriptions, 100.• Pennsylvania ArchiveiC6i5 Series, III, 1268. ibid., 436: 6 208 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine studied medicine—under whom is not known—and qualified as a "practitioner of Physick," according to the conveyances to which he was a party. In addition to his mother and brother Adam, his father named him an executor of his will. A year after the latter's death, John Cornman m. at the Moravian Church in Philadelphia on 2 July 1795, ELEANOR PAWLING, b. 1 August 1775; d. 16 June 1855, daughter of John Pawling of Providence Township, Montgomery County, and his wife Elizabeth Morgan.. He may have first known his future wife when his family went up to the country to stay during the British occupation of the city. They made their home at first in Montgomery County, possibly with her parents, but by 1799, when his grandfather Adam Gnus sold him the Eleventh Street lot, John Coalman and his wife were living in Birdsboro, Berks County. The following year when he sold the lot to Morgan and Douglass for $425, his residence was given as Union Township, Berks County." No record of children has been found. v. PETER CORNMAN, b. 4 March 1771; d. young. vi. WILLIAM CORNMAN, b. 29 December 1773; living in 1816; m. by 1804, MARGARET, surname not known. He was a coachmaker by trade, and in 1794, when he had just come of age, was in business under the firm name of Cornman and Bayne, at 11 South Fifth Street, but was living at 35 North Fourth Street. The following year he was living with his widowed sister Elizabeth Peter in the Second Street house." In 1807 and 1808, after his marriage, he lived at 266 Lombard Street, and was listed as a deputy sheriff, under the then county sheriff, John Barker. For the next two years he was listed as an "accomptant" at the corner of Eleventh and Spruce; in 1811 as a coach trimmer at the same address, and in 1813 as an accomptant again, in House's Court. He was undoubtedly the William Cornman who was enrolled as a private in the First Company of drafted militia, under the command of Captain James Perle, of the First Brigade, First Division, Pennsylvania militia.. Known issue, both bapt. at Moravian Church, Philadelphia: 1. MARY ANN ELIZABETH CORNMAN, b. If May m ,0, 4 r —ATRIE.RINE LIGHT CORNMAN, b. 3 July 1816. vii. MARY CORNMAN, b. 16 March 1776; prob. d. 26 January 1837; m. at Moravian Church, Philadelphia, 2 July 1795, JOHN ROSS, from Ireland according to the church record, b. ca. 1767; d. July 1812, aged 45. He was 80 15 Moravian Records, bee name is liven as Paulin, hut sec Josiah Granville Leach, "Some Account of the Pawling Family of New York and Pennsylvania," Publications of GSP, VII, 21, for her identification. This latter record gives John Cornman's death date as 25 Apr. 1813. 44 See deeds cited M Notes 42 and 48 above, and Deed Book EF-I, 505,5 Feb. 1800, John Cornman to Jacob Morgan et al. The borough of Birdsboro is in Robeson Township, just north of the line dividing that township from Union Township. JJB Ruidenees given are from Philadelphia directories, and Assessment List, S. Mulberry Ward, Municipal Archives. 1795, 64A new militia act, passed in March 1814, providing for the drafting of troops for defense of either the state or the national government, divided Pennsylvania into 16 divisions, each comprising two brigades. Philadelphia city was the First Brigade, the county the Second Brigade, of the First Division. A report in July 1814, that Elkton, Md., had been attacked, followed by the rumor that the British had landed, prompted the calling up of troops under the militia act. William Cornman's enlistment began officially 25 Aug. 1814; he received $6 advance pay on 5 Oct., at Camp Dupont, and was mustered out 2 Jan. 1815, receiving a total of 554.06 for four months and eight days' service, at Is a month. See Pennsylvania Archives, felt Series, VII, 76; ibid., VIII, 512, 517, 521, 5285 John Common, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 209 a painter and glazier, and the year before his marriage had bought a threestory brick house and lot on the west side of Third, between Race and Vine,°. at 140 North Third Street, where they made their home. In 1799, when John Cornman's real estate was sold, he bought four of the lots: two at the southwest corner of Spruce and Thirteenth; one at the south end of the tract on Thirteenth, and one adjoining it on the west, fronting on Juniper Street. These last two lots he sold in 1806 to the Trustees of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Society; three years later he sold the two lots at the corner of Spruce and Thirteenth. The lot on Eleventh, which Adam Goos had made over to Mary Ross in 1799, he sold in 1811, for $500. 51 Six months later he was dead, and was bur. in the First Presbyterian cemetery on 1 August 1812. Letters of administration were granted 11 August 1812, to his widow Mary Ross, bond of $1000 being furnished by William Ogden and Mary's brotherin-law, Robert W. Ogden.. On petition to the Orphans Court in June 1813, Mary's brother 3. Joseph Cornman, and the widow were appointed guardians of the three surviving moor Ross children. A second petition, stating that John Ross' personal estate was insufficient to maintain and educate the children, prayed for an order to sell the house at 140 North Third Street. Pursuant to the order of the court, the property was sold at public vendue at the Merchants' Exchange on 6 July 1813, for $5250.. Where Mary Ross lived after that is uncertain; in 1822 she was living with her sister-in-law, Mary Cornman, widow of her brother Joseph Cornman. She is presumably the Mary Ross who d. in her sixty-second year, at Hamilton Village, Blockley Township, in 1837.. Issue: 1. Jounv Ross, b. 14 February 1797; bapt. at First Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, 19 March 1797; dec'd by 1813. 2. Jos6P14 Ross, b. ca. 1799, a minor over 14 in June 1813, when he chose as guardians his mother and uncle, 3. Joseph Common. 3. MARY Ross, b. 4 November 1801; bapt. at First Presbyterian Church, 19 March 1802; living in June 1813. 4. ELIZABETH Ross, b. 27 August 1806; bap, at First Presbyterian Church, 25 May 1808; dec'd by 1813. 5. J66ics H. Ross, a minor under 14 in June 1813. 3. viii. JOSEPH CORNMAN, b. 11 March 1778; d. 23 March 1819; of whom further. ix. JULIANA CORNMAN, b. 15 January 1784; d. after 1826. A minor when her father died, it was not until she came of age that she released her claim, 01 Deed Book D-40, 598: 21 Feb. 1794, Henry Meyer co John Ross. 92 See deeds coed in Notes 45 and 48 above; Deed Book EF-24, 162: 7 Nov. 1806, John Ross to Trustees of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Society, for sale of the Juniper Street lot, the bounds of which as recited indicate that the Thirteenth Street lot had already been acquired by the grantees. Four days Iater the Trustees also bought the two lots on Juniper which had been sold to Thomas Parry. Ibid., IC-7, 10: 14 Dec. 1809, John Ross to John McCarra; ibid., IC-20, 202: 7 Dec. 1811, John Ross to Thomas May . bury and George Vies. 9 . Philadelphia Board of Health, Records of Deaths, 1807 - 1814, 316, GOP; transcript of Records of First Presbyterian Church, Plsiladelphia, 30, GSP; Administration Book L, 21, #159:1812, estate of John Ross. 99 Orphans Court Book 24, 268, Docket #724; 272, Docket #752; 280, Docket #759. Deed Book IC-26, 592: 27 July 1813, Mary Ross to John Rink. 94 Norton Pryor and Richard I.oxley, Deaths in Philadilphia and Vicinity, 200, GSP. Mary Ron' sister-in-law. Mary Cornman, aho moved to Blockley Township. See text, infra. The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine 210 as a beneficiary of one of the mortgages placed on the mans:on house and sugar refinery, on 6 February 1805, acknowledging receipt of £725 and inter est.. She m. 14 November 1807, ROBERT 'WHARTON OGDEN , the Rev. James Abercrombie of Christ Church and St. Peter's, Philadelphia, officiating. Her husband Robert Ogden, b. 1784...d. 13 5m 1871, was the son of William Ogden and his 2nd wife Tacey David.. William Ogden in 1805, the year Juliana received her inheritance, apparently leased the former Cornman mansion house at the corner of Eleventh and Spruce, and occupied it as a . tavernkeeper. Here Juliana and her husband Robert Ogden, listed in she directories as an accomptant, made their home at first. Her brother William Commap was also living here in 1809. In 1811 both of clic Ogdens moved to Swainck's Alley, off Walnut Street, while Common remained for a time in his former, home. Both he and Robert Ogden served in the same company of drafted militia in 1814, Ogden as 3rd corporal in Captain Perle's company. About 1817 the Ogdens, moved to Camden, New Jersey, where in 1818 RobBert Ogden was listed, in the Philadelphia directories, as "accomptant, Camden Bank, N. J." Ten years later, when they were apparently living in Waterford, N..1., he was cashier of the State Bank of Camden.. Issue: 1. Wii_univi HENRY OGDEN, b. 28 7m 1808; d. 12 9m 1857, shipwrecked east of the Isthmus of Panama, in a gale on the way home from California. 2. JOHN CORNMAN OGDEN, b. 28 3m 1811; d. 24 8m 1811. 3. CHARLES AUGUSTUS OGDEN, b. 19 10m 1812; d. 12m 1872; m. Mmiv COLWELL. He was a physician. 4. THOMAS OGDEN. b. 10 10m 1815; d. 1876; m. 1St, ELIZABETH ANN HARVEY; M. 2nd, EIIZABETH ANNA (WILLIAMS) Hoover. I 5m 1894; ne ELIZABETH MCINTIRE' 5. EDWARD OGDEN, b. 18 1m 18i8 6. ROBERT .OGDEN, b. 3 1m 1819; d. 12 9m 1857 at sea in the same shipwreck as his brother William Henry Ogden. 7. FRANCIS MARION OGDEN; b. 14 7m 1821; d. 1 1m 1874; m. ABIGAIL BRICK HALE. 8. ANNA MARIA Ocoee, b. Waterford, N. J., 4 3m 1824; d. young. 9. RICHARD COOPER OcoEN, b. Waterford N. J., 28 Ilm. 1826. I. ADAM CORNMAN, eldest son of John Everhard Cornman and 11;s wife Elizabeth Goos, was born 15 March 1764, and baptized two days 00See mortgage cited in Note 46 abov45 and Deed Book EF-18, 44, 6 Feb. 1805, Julisn 4 Cornman Morgan et al. to George or V, See Charles Burr Ogden, The Quaker Ogdens in America (Philadelphia, 1898), 61, 77 - 78, kr identification of Robert W7. Ogden and his father William Ogden, as well as for the children listed in this present text; also the somewhat confused account by W. A. Newman Dorland, "The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry," in The Pennsylvania Maga:thee of History and Biograph9 XLVII (19231, 373, wherein two different William Ogdens are mentioned, but not separated. Robert Ogden's father William, from 1798 through 1804 kept a tavern at 86 Chestnut Street, identified in the last account eked above, as the Sign of the Cross Keys, northeast corner of Third and Chestnut. It was not in New Market Ward, however, at any time. 08 William Ogden moved to Camden with his son Robert; he was listed in 1818 in Philadelphia directories as a notary public there, but died that year on 13 May. His son Robert was one of the creditors of Joseph Sims in 1828, as per Deed Book GWR-20, 206: 16 Jan. 1828, R. W. Ogden at of to Joseph Sims. In 1809 Robert Ogden bought s three-story brick house and lot on the southwest corner of Eleventh and George, and in 1829 two contiguous lots on the west side of Henry Street in Spring Garden. See Deed Book MR-I3, 112,1 July 1809, Lillis Paul et al. to Robert W. Ogden and Juliann, his wife; ibid., AM-25, 4: 21 Nov. 1829, Horatio B. Pennock to Robert NW Ogden of Camden, N. J. John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 211 later. He had just passed his twenty-first birthday when he was married by Jacob Fries, minister of the Moravian congregation in Philadelphia, on 5 May 1785, to ELIZABETH SENNEFF, born about 1764, daughter of George and Mary Senneff. Her father, born in London 17 August 1731, was a "taylor and habitmaker" by trade. By 1759 he was established in Philadelphia in Water Street between Arch and Market, not far from the Ferry House, having previously lived in Race Street. In 1777, before the British occupied the city, he was living on the east side of Front Street a little above Race. Three years later he occupied a house on the west side of Front, two doors below Elfreth's Alley, not far from the Second Street house occupied by the young Peters." Like the Cornmans and Adam Goos, he was active in the Moravian Church. From 1785 on he was a member of the standing committee with them, and until his death in 1788 was collector of the "sustention fund." The year after his daughter's marriage, his son-in-law Adam Cornman was enrolled in Captain David Rose's Sixth Company of the First Battalion, Philadelphia militia, under Lieutenant Colonel Francis Gurney." Other than turning out for exercise and battalion days, his duties with his company were probably inconsiderable, fortunately, since he presumably was working for his father at the sugar refinery. Like most of the young men of his generation, he no doubt carefully followed the reports circulated about town as to the progress of the convention called in 1787 to frame a new Constitution. Submitted to the states that fall, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey ratified it before the end of the year. But the endorsement of nine states was necessary before the Constitution could go into effect, and as 1788 opened, much interest was evident as to its ultimate passage. Georgia and Connecticut ratified early in January, and then in February hundreds of tradesmen in Boston held a spontaneous parade demonstrating their support of Massachusetts' ratification. Similar demonstrations, held later in the spring in Baltimore and . 9 See Moravian Records, and Moravian Inscriptions, 97, for Senneff records. Between 175, and 1776 the family may have lived for a time in New York; their son Isaac was born there, and the earliat Senneff baptism in Moravian Records is dated 1776. See Pennsylvania Archives, 20d Series, III (1890), gl, for Isaac's naturalization; also Pennsylvania Gaadlen 21 June 1759, and the Hocker translation of extracts from German newspapers, cited in Note 7 above, 166, for Senneff's various locations. When he died 11 Sept. 1788, he owned a house on the east side of Front, between Race and Vine which he devised to his wife Mary for if,. His eight surviving childr, named in his will, were: John Senneff who rn. 31 May 1794, Anna B. Stout Mary Senneff who m. 22 Apr. 1784, Edward Catherill; Elizabeth Senneff, wife of Adam Gornman Isaac Senneff; Jacob Senneff who m. 2 Aug. 1794, Anna Morgan; Sarah Senneff, wife of Stephen FayrarR Rebecca Senneff who m. 19 Nov- 17955 Richard Egerson , and Anna who d.s.p. Will Book U. 155, #71:1788, will of George Senneff. PaTMDlvania Archives, doh Ser.res. Ill, 973- 212 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Charleston when their governments endorsed the Constitution, fired the imagination of Philadelphians, since only one more state's approval was necessary. With the approach of Independence Day, citizens decided to combine the usual celebration of that important day with the now assured official adoption of the Constitution." Some forty-three guilds of mechanics, artisans and tradesmen set to work preparing emblems representing their particular trade. Elaborate floats illustrating such abstract conceptions as the Constitution, the New Roof, or Grand Federal Edifice, and the Federal Ship Union, were con structed and appropriately decorated. The sugar refiners designed a blue standard: "on a gold field, the cap of liberty on a staff, between two loaves of sugar; crest: a lighted candle in a candlestick; on the foot, the word 'Proof;' beneath, 'American manufactures,' ornamented with sugar canes." At eight o'clock on the morning of 4 July 1788, the procession began to assemble near the intersection of South and Third Streets, and an hour and a half later began its march. Positions in the parade, which stretched out for a mile and a half, were chosen by lot, the sugar refiners being seventieth in line, and eighteenth from the end which was brought up by the county troop of horse. Christopher Kucher, a former militia captain, led the sugar refiners. He was followed by Captain Jacob Lawersweiler, a brother-in -law of John Peter, Jr., Benjamin Pennington, John Morgan, David Miercken, Adam Cornman and his brother-in-law, Henry Clause. Each wore black cockades, blue sashes and white aprons. They were followed by thirty six other refiners wearing white aprons on which were painted sugar loaves, marked ten—for the number of states which had now ratified— and carrying different implements of the trade. They marched up Third to Callowhill, up Callowhill to Fourth, then south to Market, and from there to the spacious lawn in front of Bush Hill, William Hamilton's country seat above Spring Garden. There, well after noon, they were regaled with a cold collation spread out under awnings on a large circular range of tables. Orations, toasts—each of which was answered by cannon volleys from the vessels in the harbor— and a feu-de-joie completed the proceedings. All agreed it was a glorious day, and was long remembered by the participants; even the weather was favorable, and no untoward accidents occurred to mar the festivities. When Adam's father died in 1794, six years later, and Adam was living in the old farm house on Eleventh Street, he acted with his mother For the account of the 17SS celebraclon, see Scharf and Wertcott, c:ted in Note 30 above, I, 447432. John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 213 and brother John as an executor of his father's estate, joining with them in the various real estate transactions. In 1796 it was his brother-in-law, Stephen Payran, who had married Sarah Senneff 14 February 1793, who bought the first of the Spruce Street lots above Thirteenth, at the corner of Juniper. That same year Adam's grandfather, Adam Goos, sold him the lot on Eleventh Street next to the old farm house, for £300, and the following year made over to him the old house." Although Adam Cornman had been entitled under his father's will to operate the refinery on Eleventh for twenty-one years, he agreed with his mother and brothers to its sale in 1799 to Morgan and Douglass. For a time he was probably kept on as the sugar refiner, for he continued to live on Eleventh Street where he was listed as such in 1800, but had a dry goods and grocery story in addition at the same address. By 1807 he had moved to 28 Moravian Alley, still calling himself a sugar refiner, and remained there until 1810 when he had moved to 361 North Second Street.' From 1811 to 1822 he was listed in the directories at several addresses on North Front Street, and then from 1823 to 1831 at 28 and 30 Wood, or Brewer's Alley, in the Northern Liberties. In 1833, when he was nearly seventy, he had retired from business, the directory listing him as "Adam Cornman, Gent., 106 Crown." He died intestate 12 January 1834, and was buried in the Moravian cemetery. Letters of administration on his estate were granted 5 February 1834, to his widow Elizabeth Cornman; his brother-in-law Jacob Senneff and Thomas C. Ashbrook, husband of his daughter Mary, posted bond of $800. On 29 April 1835, his widow and children, as heirs of the estate, sold to John Hunter for $3000 the old two-story brick farm house and 32 foot lot on the west side of Eleventh, south of the alley adjoining the sugar refinery." For a time, in later years, the alley was known as Hunter's Row. Adam's wife, Elizabeth (Senneff) Cornman, died 1 February 1851, in her eighty-eighth year, and was buried in the Moravian cemetery. 00$,, deeds recited in Notes 41-4) above. 00 According to .he 1790 Philadelphia census, there were five firms of sugar refiners listed as such operating in Philadelphia: Miles and Morgan; Muhlenberg and Lawersweileri . Kucher, Cresson and Bartholomew; Morris and Miercken, and John Comm.. In 1800, six sugar refineries were reported, and M 1810, tem Commas, may have worked for any one of these at different times. See Scharf and Westcott, cited id Noce 30 above, III, 2231, 2284. Administration Book 0, I II, #43,1834. estate of Adam Comm.. Moravian Inscriptions, 116, gives I nc ompl et e date of death, suppried by the date of adm mstration of his estate. A copy of the inscriptions, also in GSP, incorrectly gives his death date as "January 12, 1830, M oh,;) years of his age... Deed Book AM-63, 164. 25 Apr. 1835, Elizabeth Comm= et al. to John Hunter ■ 214 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Issue of 1. Adam Cornman and his wife Elizabeth Senneff: i. ADAM CORNMAN, JR., b. 25 February 1785; d. after 1854; on. 14 July 1806, SARAH ROBERTS, prob. daughter of Joseph Roberts and his wife Jemima Roberts.. Although the Philadelphia directories listed Adarn, Jr., from 1809 to 1838 as a printer, he was described in 1831 and 1832 as a blacksmith in the deeds relating to the purchase and sale of a lot on the east side of Broad Street, north of Spruce.. After that he was variously described as an inspector of stone (1839), a collector (1840-1843), clerk (1845), again as a printer in 1848 and 1849, and from 1850 to 1854 as collector, the last two years as collector at the University, Ninth above Chestnut Street. His place of business or residence changed even more frequently, and after 1854 he ceased to be listed. The date of neither his nor his wife's death and place of burial, have been found, nor are any estate proceedings in Philadelphia on record. Issue: 1. FERDINAND CORNMAN, b. 19 September 1807; d. after 3 June 1845. A blacksmith by trade, on 13 June 1832, he purchased a lot on the west side of Thirteenth Street and south side of Lombard. When he sold the lot in 1845 he was a resident of Madison County, Illinois." 2. MARY STUART COANMAN, bapt. at MORRYi211 Church, Philadelphia, 14 May 1820, at the same time as her younger brothers and sister; m. before 1839, THOMAS DAVIS... 3. OLIVER PERRY CORNMAN, bapt. at Moravian Church, Philadelphia, 14 May 1820; d. 18 April 1883; m. MARA! B., surname not known,t° who d. 17 June 1898. From 1839 to 1848 he was listed in the city directories as a painter, with his residence from 1842 at 1221 Wallace Street. In 1849 he was publisher of the Daily Sim; in 1850 and for several years after, he was an accountant, and from 1860 until his death, an attorney-at-law, in business with his son Samuel A. Cornman, at 619 Walnut Street. By his will, dated 24 November 1882 and proved 28 April 1883, he bequeathed his estate to his wife, children and grandchildren." 4. AUGUSTUS COANMAN, bapt. at Moravian 8 . Moravian Records; Marriages and Deaths from Poulson', Aniarican Daily Advertiser, 1800 - 1810, 155; ibid., 1813-1833, 484, notes that "Mrs. Jamima Roberts," aged 86, died 21 May 1812, and that her funeral was held from the residence of her son-in-law Adam Comm., in Vine "ad. door ab. lath." She was presumably the Jemima Roberts who m. 27 June 1774, Joseph Roberts, at Gloria 1)ei (Old Swedes) Church, Philadelphia. Deed Book AM-25, 422, 14 Marsh 1831, John Shields to Adam Comma's, blacksmith; ibid., 425; 9 May 1832, Adam Cornman and Sarah to Edward Shippen Burd; ibid., 684: 12 May 1812, Adarn Commas, sugar refiner, and Elizabeth to Edward Shippen Burd. The lass deed was executed to clarify title and some confusion respecting she two Adam Cornmans, father and son. Deed Book SHF-2, 37: 13 June 1832, John Rutherford to Ferdinand Coma-Ian, ibid., ELL-44, 204: 3 June 1845, Ferdinand Cornman to Robert S. Potter. tO See death notice in Saturday Evening Post for 12 Jan. 1839: "Died on January 4, Adam Comm., infant 505 56 Thomas and Mary S. Davis." She may have been Mary Boyd, inasmuch as her son Samuel A. Comm. named his first daughter Mary Boyd Cornman. Transcript of Records of St. James Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, 127, GSP. F. Will Book 109, 335, #469:1883, will of Oliver P. Cornman; ibid., 200, 472, #9671898, will of Mary B. Cornrnan. Their children were: I. Sarah M. Carautaut 2. Maiii/i/d 12. Gunman; S. Mary Corn, man, m. Edward P. Hippie, 4. Emma L. Gartman, m. a Ma. Bak,. She died before her father and her share of his estate was devised to her daughter, Mary A. Baker. 5. Samuel A. Corrine., the lawyer, also died before his father. He so. 14 Jan. 1862, at Ss. Jam. P.E. Church, Jennie Fife. Two of their children, Mary Boyd Cornman, b. 11 Feb. 1863, and Florence Anna Comma, b. 7 May 1864. wsrc baps. at John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 215 Church, Philadelphia, 14 May 1820; d. after 1843 when he was listed in the directories as a locksmith, 193 Locust Street, shop on Thirteenth above Locust. S. SARAH ROBERTS CORNMAN, baps. at Moravian Church, Philadelphia 14 May 1820; m. by Rev. John L. Grant, pastor of the Eleventh Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, on 27 April 1837, to FRANCIS B. DICK. 8' GEORGE CORNMAN, b. 22 September 1788; d. 7 October 1791; bur. Moravian cemetery. iii. ELIZABETH CORNMAN, b. 20 September 1790; m. at Moravian Church, Philadelphia, 12 July 1827, HENRY DOUTT (Doubt), sugar refiner of Philadelphia.sa iv. MARY CORNMAN, hi 6 May 1792; m. 19 October 1816, at First Reformed Dutch Church, Philadelphia, THOMAS ASHBROOK, a tailor By 1825 they had at least one child, Maar. ASHBROOK, legatee under the will of Ann Senneff, sister of Adam Comm., Sr.'s wife, SARAH CORN.MAN, b. I May 1794; deed by April 1835, as she was not named among the heirs when her father's property was sold. vi. A daughter, stillborn 2 November 1795. vii. ANNA CORNMAN, b. 2 September 1799; m. 5 April 1832, CARSTEN ROCKER, sugar refiner, at Moravian Church, Philadelphia. She was a legatee under the will of her aunt Ann Senneff , viii. JULIANN CORNMAN, b. 25 September 1802; m. at First Reformed Church, Philadelphia, 13 December 1823, DAVID HANLEY, described in 1835 as a "plane sinker" of the Northern Liberties. She was also a legatee under the will of her aunt, Ann Senneff. ix. JOHN GEORGE CORNMAN, b. 19 June 1805; deed before April 1835, when his father's property was sold. 2. STEILLA CORNMAN, second daughter of John Everhard Coalman and his wife Elizabeth Goos, was born 16 October 1766, and baptized the following 19 October at the Moravian Church. She married at St. Michael's and Zion Lutheran Church on 16 November 1786, HENRY CLAUSE (Claus, Clawse). Just a year after their marriage he purchased on 15 November 1787, a three-story brick messuage and lot on the west side of Sixth Street, between High and Mulberry." He was probably working for either John Cornman or one of the other sugar refiners, inasmuch as he participated in the grand parade and celebration of 1788 as a sugar baker. ■ that church. Their brother, Olive. Perry Cowman, became Assoc ate Superintendent of Schools in the Philadelphia Schoo/ District. The elementary school on Melon Street, cast of Twelfth, was named for him. For an account of his activities, sec Who Was W ho I,, America, 1897- 1942' s , Sc, Marriages by she Rev'john I.. Gram, 73, GSP. .P The names of the sons-In-law of Adam Cornman and his wife Elizabeth Senneff are established the deed of sale of the old farm house on Eleventh St'lcet in 1831. Henry Doutt name also appears as George Henry Daub', Ashbrook's as Ashbridge, and Hanley, in the Reformed Church record, as Stanley. The Ashbrook and Hanley names, however, arc further confirmed is the will of Ann Senncff, sister of Elizabeth (Senneff) Comma, wherein she left legacies to her four nieces , Elizabeth Comm= who later m. Henry Doutt; Maria Ashbrook, Ann Cornman who rn. Carsten ROckers and Juliann Hanley. See Will Book 5, 383, #221825, will of Ann Semet .. Recited !I, Deed Book 0 - 4I, 211 . March 1794, Henry Clause to Jonathan Dawes. 216 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine He was still living on Sixth Street in 1790 when the census taker listed him there as a merchant, having in his household, beside himself, two females. Four years later he sold the property, and in 1795 was living at 124 North Second Street, where he was listed as a grocer. In April 1797, his wife's grandfather, Adam Coos, made over to him and his wife Sybilla the lot at the northwest corner of Eleventh and Pine. The follow' ing August, four months later, Sybilla was dead of yellow fever." After her death Henry Clause encountered financial difficulties. In February 1798, because of inability to pay his debts owing "sundry persons," he assigned all his property, both real and personal, to William Beynroth for the benefit of his creditors. However, when the Cornman sugar refinery and mansion house were sold in 1799, the right of Henry's now only surviving child, John Henry Clause, to his mother's share in it, was protected by a mortgage, the principal to be paid when the child came of age. His grandmother acknowledged satisfaction of his obligation on 2 May 1813." Henry Clause died intestate, presumably in 1800. Letters of administration on his estate were granted his mother-in-law Elizabeth Corn-. man on 23 May 1800. John Barker, tailor, and John Ross, Henry's brother-in-law, posted bond of $600." Issue of 2. Sybilla Cornman and her husband Henry Clause: i. ELIZABETH CLAUSE, b. 22 May 1788; d. 6 August 1788; bur Moravian cemetery. ii. JOHN HENRY CLAUSE, b. 10 October 1789; d. ca. 1855; m. ca. 1815, ANN MERCIER, b. before 1793; d. after 1823, daughter of the French merchant, Joseph Mercier." A grocer by trade, the Clauses lived at first at the northwest •,4 See Heads of Families • • • 1790, 224 as cited in Note 38 above, for Henry Claws, and Note 43 above, for conveyance of Adarn Coos to Henry and Sybilla Clause. Her death " noted in Yellow Fever Deaths in Philadelphia, 1793, 1797, 1798, 192, GSP. Deed Book 0.-68. 293: 9 Feb. 1798, Henry Clause to William Beynroth/ see Note 46 above for mention of the mortgage. Administration Book K. 42, #921800, estate of Henry Clause. 80 Joseph Merc;er in 1781 was agent Co Philadelphia for M- M. Coulougnac & Co., merchants of Lyons, France, at Peter LeMaigre" store in Water Street between Market and Arch. Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser, 12 Dec. 1781. By 1790 he was running a boarding house in the same neighborhood, on the east s•cle of Water, north of Market. See Heads of Families • . . 1790, 217. This was probably the property he bought M 1791, and which his l,,,,, ,old in 1823. Both he and his wife died of yellow fever in 1793, leaving islue four daughters, Louisa Mercier, Ann who rn- John Henry Clause, Marcia Mercier, and Catherine Mercier, who died after, her parents in her minority. See Deed Book II -1.9. 452: 10 Dec. 1823, Louisa Mercier et al. to Stephen Girard. The baptismal registers of St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, Philadelphia, show only the baptisms of Peter Louis Mercier, b. 20 Feb. 1791, and Mary Elizabeth Mercier, b. 14 Apr. 1792, twin of Louis Francis Mercier, b. 15 Apr 1792, children of Louis Mercier and wife Anna. See Records of tbe American Catholic Historical Society, XV, 197. 2995 John Gartman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 217 corner of Eleventh and Pine Streets, in the house built on the lot Adam Goos had given to Sybilla Clause. In 1850, the city directories listed John Henry as living at 464 Poplar Street, the res.idence of his, eldest son, Henry M. Clause, On 27 March 1855, letters of administration on his estate were granted to the same son." Known issue, bays. at Moravian Church: I. HENRY MERCIER CLAUSE, b. 8. October 1816; d. after 1855. In his baptismal record, his middle name was given as Merck!. 2. ANN /VIARIA CLAUSE, b. 4 December 1818. 3. EDWARD JOYIN CLAUSE, b. 19 January 1821. Hi. HENRY CLAUSE, b. 17 May 1792; d. 11 August 1794; bur. Moravian cemetery. iv. GEORGE HENRY CLAUSE, b. 17 November 1794; d. 8 August 1795; bur. Mora^ vian cemetery. v. ELEANOR SYBILLA CLAUSE, b. 23 August 1797; d. of yellow fever as October 17970. JOSEPH CORNMAN, fifth son and eighth child of John Everhard Cornman and his wife Elizabeth Goos, was born 11 March 1778, and baptized the following 8 April. He married, probably in 1798, MARY BARKER, born 31 December 1780, daughter of John Barker and his first wife Mary Nelson. Son of John Barker and his wife Esther Wade, Mary Barker's father was a native of New Jersey and a tailor by trade. Although reared a Quaker, he had served as a young man in the French and Indian Wars, and during and after the Revolution had been very active in the Philadelphia city militia. Popular with the privates, they had successively elected him lieutenant, captain, and major, and in 1794, during the Whiskey Insurrection, lieutenant colonel in command of the Second Regiment. He had been elected sheriff of Philadelphia County the same year, and had held the office until the year before his daughter Mary's marriage." She and her husband Joseph Cornman lived at first at the corner of Ninth and Race Streets, where he was in business as a grocer. The year after their marriage, they sold to Morgan and Douglass the 52 foot lot on Eleventh Street which they had divided into two lots; on the southern.. Administration Book Q, 325, 4116:185P estate of John H. Clause. Bond of $200 was furnished 3. by Jane Campbell and Louisa A. Clause. Title records in the Registry Division, Philadelphia Department of Records, indicate the house at the corner of Elevemh and Pine was still owned by the Clause family in 1880. 8 . Dates of the Clause children are from Moravian Records,. except the death date of Eleanor Sybilla Cl20SC, which is from Yellow Fever Deaths in Philadelphia, cited in Note 84 abo, 192. .0 Sce Deed Book EF -33, 228: 1 June 1807, John Barker, Jr., if al. to John Barker, Sr., relating to sale of property of William Barker who "died intestate and without issue, leaving to survive him John Barker, his father, and said John Barker , Jr. James N. Barker, and Mary Cornman, his brothers and sister." See also Montgomery County Mortgage Book 10, 72: 25 May 1809, Thomas Humphreys to John Barker. and Montgomery County Miscellaneous Book 2„57: 11 Sept. 1822, Mary Corm-nen to Thomas Humphreys, power of attorney. James N. Barker, administrator of the estate of John Barker, Sr., transferred the 1809 mortgage to Joseph Cornman and his wife Mary. For the account of the military career of John Barker. Sr., sec PMHB, XLIX (1925), 91-92, and Frank V' Leach, "Philadelphia Mayors," in Tbe North America, issue of 14 Apr. 1907s for his later career. 218 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine most one of these Cornman had erected a frame tenement." In 1805 the Cornmans kept a tavern at the corner of Pine and Eleventh, probably in the house belonging to Joseph's nephew, John Henry Clause, in right of his deceased mother Sybilla Clause. The next year, when Mary's father John Barker was again sheriff, Joseph was appointed deputy sheriff, and they moved to 320 Sassafras Street.' John Barker had been an alderman since 1800, sheriff again from 1803 to 1807, and in 1808 and 1809 was elected mayor of the city. Probably through his political influence, his son-in-law Joseph Cornman in 1809 was appointed keeper of the debtors' apartments in the Walnut Street Prison, at the southeast corner of Walnut and Sixth Streets, across from the State House yard. The debtors' apartments, where the Cornmans lived, faced Prune, now Locust Street, near Sixth. This position Joseph held until his death in 1819, but for the last two years of his life he lived at the southwest corner of Arch or Mulberry and Broad Street. A new prison had been built on the south side of Arch, west of Broad, near Schuylkill Eighth, now Fifteenth Street; the debtors had been removed to the east end of the building." Joseph Cornman died intestate 23 March 1819, and was buried in the Moravian cemetery. His gravestone, erected by his widow, reflected her loss in appropriate verse: "This stone is place by/an afflicted wife/in memory of/Joseph Cornman Senr./who was born March 11, 1778/and departed this life/March 23, 1819/aged 41 years and 12 days/A wife and children's tears are vain/My spirit joins the angelic train/My dust shall slumber in the ground/Till the last trumpet's joyful sound/Shall burst the bonds in glad surprise/Then in my Saviour's Image rise." " Six days after his death, on 29 March 1819, letters of administration on his estate were granted to Mary Cornman and Grome Cley. Her brother James N. Barker, and a bondsman, Richard Roe, furnished security for the $3000 bond." After her husband's death, Mary Barker Cornman lived for a few years on Juniper Street below Walnut, with her widowed sister-in-law 05, deed recited in Note 44 above, and Deed Book D-78, 107 , 25 May 1799, and ibnia EFi, 520. 10 Dec. 1799, Joseph Cornman to Jacob Morgan et ak, grantor and grantees in both deeds. 02 John Barker was sherff from 1803 to 1807. In 1807 Joseph Cornman was listed in the directorles as late deputy sheriff," his brother William having replaced him. That year Barker was commissioned major general of militia, and the next year elected mayor of Philadelphia for the first time. 08 Philadelphia directoriu listed Joseph Cornman in 1811 at Prone and Sixth Streets. For deser .iption of both the Walnut Street Prlson and the Arch Street Prison, see Scharf and Westcott, cited in Note 30 above, III, 1827, 1832-3. " Moravian Inscriptions, 106. Adm7nismation Book M, 144, #62•1819, estam of Joseph Ceirma.n. John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 219 Mary Cornman Ross, but after 1822 was not listed in the Philadelphia directories. She was living in Blockley Township when on 31 March 1837, she purchased for $1487.50 a house and small farm of eight acres in Blockley Township, part of the tract known as "Woodside." This she sold 6 April 1842." She died 10 July 1856, and was buried in Christ (Swedes) Church, Upper Merion Township, Montgomery Cou.nty. 97 Issue of 3. Joseph Cornman and his wife Mary Barker: i. JOHN BARKER CORNMAN, b. 12 February 1799; d. 1 March 1800, bur. Moravian cemetery. ii. ELIZABETH CORNMAN, b. 3 August 1801; no further record. ;Z. JOSEPH CORNMAN, b. 1802; bapt. Moravian Church 8 July 1803; living in March 1820 when his mother transferred property to him." iv. JOHN B. CORNMAN, b. 14 December 1804; d. July 1816, aged 12; bur. More vian cemetery. v. WILLIAM CORNMAN, b. 14 December 1804, twin of his brother John B. Corn.man; d. July 1814, aged 9; bur. Moravian cemetery." vi. SAMUEL WASHINGTON CORNMAN, b. 3 December 1806; d. between 1885 and 1890; m. 1 May 1839, at First Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, MARY ANN STRITZEL, living in 1890. In 1829 he was listed in the city directory as a tobacconist at 323 South Second Street; in 1885 as a farmer on Seventieth Street, near Greenway Avenue. Five years later in 1890, his widow was listed on Seventieth, near Woodlands, Paschalville. Descendants have not been traced. vii. MARY NELSON CORNMAN, b. 18 November 1808; no further record. viii. JAMES NELSON BARKER CORNMAN, b. 28 December 1809; d. ca. 1878; In. MARGARET, surname not known, and settled in Manayunk, Philadelphia. From 1844 to 1848 he was a member of the Roxborough Masonic Lodge, No. 135.." In 1878 he was listed in the directory as a papermaker, living at 118 b0 Deed Book GS-6, 552: 31 March 1817, Benjamin Head Warder. trustee, to Mary Cornman; GS-38, 433: 6 Apr. 1842, Mary Comm= to James Paiste. ibid., 01 For records of property held in trust for Mary Comm., see Deed Book IC.21, 147 3 9 June 1812, Joseph Penrose to John Barker, trustee: ibid., 10-25, 420: 25 May 1813, William Allen to John Dennis, trustee. ibid., 114 2, 445: 12 Feb. 1822, John Dennis, trustee to Theodore Dillies. She shared in the estate of her father John Barker, who died the year before her husband. Administration Book M, 96, #1441518, estate of John Barker. In 1837, after the death of his wife, James Nelson Barker. Mary's brother. had the bodies of lds father and mother and seven brothers, who had all died before John Barker, Sr., removed from the Free Quaker burial ground on Fifth Street, to Laurel Hill Cemetery, where he erected a monument to them, inscribed "They were lovely and pleasant in their lives and in death were not divided." The transcript of cemetery inscriptions of Christ Church, Upper Merion Twp., made by Edward '57. Hooker in 1943. indicates a Joseph Cornman was buried buide her, possibly her accond son. No dates are given for him. . 8 Deed Book IW-4, 593 , 10 March 1820, Mary Cornman to Joseph Cornman. Other data located, relaimg to a Joseph Cornman, are not sufficient for positive idemification. 09 See Philadelphia Board of Health, Records of Deaths, 1815-1824, 552. GOP, for death date of John B. Cornman, and ibid., 1807-1814, 464, for William Cornman's death and place of buiial. 100 Horace II. Platt and William Lawson, Freemasonry in Roxboroughs A History of Roxborougb Lodge No 135, Free and ArrePted Masons 1813-1913 (PldladelpIda, 1913). 272. 220 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Meehanlc Street, now Roxborough Avenue; the next year his widow Margaret Cornman, was listed at the same address. Descendants have not been traced. ix. HENRY DENNIS CORNMAN, b. 25 March 1812; d. 14 September 1881, in Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County; m. 25 February 1836, SARAH ANN BARRY... A blacksmith by trade, he had descendants, not traced for this record. x. FRANCIS JOHNSON CORNMAN. b. 12 August 1813; d. $ January 1879; m. ca. 1839, MARTHA B., surname not known, b. 1812; d. 7 November 1893; both bur. Leverington Cemetery, Philadelphia. He was a cooper by trade, and member of the Roxborough Baptist Church. After the establishment in 1857 of the Leverington Cemetery on the northeast side of Ridge Avenue, he was its superintendent, with his office in the Odd Fellows' Hall across Ridge Avenue at the northwest corner of Ridge Avenue and High Street, now Lyceum Avenue." 2 In 1858 he bought a lot 50 feet wide, fronting on High, and extending 225 feet north to Spring, now Conarroe Street, next to the Odd Fellows' Hall lot. He built a house fronting on High, or Lyceum, where he lived the rest of his life. In his will, dated 20 August 1877, and proved 20 January 1879, he left all his property to his wife; if she predeceased him, he directed that all his real estate be sold, and that his estate be divided into three equal parts: one for Mary W. Cornman, widow of his son Frank. J. Cornman; one for his son Oliver P. Cornman, and one for his son-in-law Charles F. Harclick." 3 The widow of Francis Cornman in 1883 sold the house and lot at 476 Lyceum Avenue, which her husband had built, to her son, Oliver P. Cornman, and spent the rest of her life with linn at 440 Lyceum Avenue... Issue: I. FaaNcls JOHNSON (Frank J.) CORNMAN, b. Roxborough, 23 August 1840; d. 16 July 1877; m. 15 May 1861, MARY WAYNE JONES, b. 10 May 1840; d. 16 May 1909, daughter of Charles Thomson Jones and his wife Mary Wayne Wrest. Both bur. Leverington Cemetery."' 2. OuvER FERRY CORNMAN, b. 1843; d. 190$; m. MARGARET FOWLER, b. 1844; 8 01 Montgomery County RW #9180, estate of Henry D. Cornman. Marriages by the Rev. Horatio Gases Jones, Pastor of Lower Merion Baptist Church, 18, GM'. 102 Dates are from gravestones and funeral notice of Francis J. Cornman, Philadelphia Public Ledger, 6 Jan. 1879; death notice of Martha B. Cornman, from Menayunk Sentinel, 9 Nov. 1893. In Moravian Records, the date of his birth is given as 3 Aug. 1813. His middle name may have actually Item Johnston, named for Sheriff Francis Johnston; an original parchment deed poll, dated 13 May 1812, and signed by the sheriff, has been handed down in the family. City directories listed Francis J. Cornman as superin` tendent, without stating of what he was superintendent. Notices allot, for sale in Leverington Curnetery, in the Manayunk Star and Rozborough Gazette, named him as superintendent of the cemetery. For the origin of the cemetery, an Deed Book 000-14, 225: 31 Dec. 1857, Charles Thomson Jones et al..to Leverington Cemetery Company, conveying sod inherited by Deborah Levering, wife of Rev. Horatio Gates Jones, daughter of Nathan Levering, and mother of the grantors: Charles T. Jones, Sarah L. Jones, wife of Anthony D. Levering, Nathan L. Jones, arid Horatio Gates Jones, Jr. 108 Deed Book ACH-79, 502: 21 June 1858, John C. Pechin to Francis J. Cornman. The house Comm. built was torn down many years ago; two attached houses are now on the Lyceum end of the lot, and a row of small houses on Conarroe Street. Will Book 94, 78, #581879, will of Francis J. Cornman. 101 Deed Book JOD-74, 434: 11 Jan. 1881. Martha B. Comm. to Oliver Cornman. 100 They bad . six children, four of whom lived to maturity. Their granddaughter, Florence Cornman Wilson, supplied data from family records. John Cornman, Sugar Baker of Philadelphia 221 d. 1907, daughter of Jeremiah and Catharine Fowler of Manayunk. Both bur. West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Cynwyd, Penna..' 3. ANGIE H. CORNMAN, b. 1848, d. 1877; m. CHARLES F. HARDIGIC, b. 1843; d. 1922; both bur. Leverington Cemetery. Their only child died young. 4. JOSEPH B. C-ORNMAN, b. 13 August 1848, twin of his sister Angle; d. 3 March 1876; bur. Leverington Cemetery. xi. WILLIAM NELSON CORNMAN, b. 13 September 1814; no further record. xii. CHARLES LEWIS CORNMAN• b. 26 April 1816; no further record. xiii. FERDINAND AUGUSTUS CORNMAN, b. 5 June 1818; d. 7 September 1818, aged 3 months, 2 days; bur. Moravian cemetery... sod Maiden name and parents of Margaret Fowler are from Deed Book LW - 42, 196 : 5 jub, 1879, Catherine Fowler 0 al. to Ann Elizabeth Horner, wife of Charles M. Horner. 500 Philadelphia Board of Health, Records of Deaths, 1815-1824, 700, GSP. Philadelphia, June I, 1773 If JOHN SAVAGE, son of Henry Savage, late of Aaintfield, near Belfast, who came to this Country some years ago, and is supposed to have gone to the Southward, will apply to the Subscriber, in Philadelphia, or to Dr. WILLIAM SAVAGE of Dumfries, in Virginia, he may hear of a handsome Estate left him in Ireland. GEORGE FULLERTON Any information relative to the above Person will be thankfully received. Pennsylvania Gazette, June 9, 1773 BACK ISSUES OF THE MAGAZINE The Society's stock of back issues needs re-plenishing. If you, as a member, can spare them, please help us secure comes of volumes XVI, XIX, and XX.