Book Reviews

BOOK REVIEWS Centennial History of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. By Rhamanthus M. Stocker. (Baltimore: Regional Publishing Co., 1974. [Facsimile reprint of original edition of 1887 with added foreword, biography and index of names.] x, x, 927 p. Illustrations, maps, index. $25.00.) The publication of Stocker's Centennial History of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania with a computerized index of names is a welcome addition to the growing number of reprints of local history. The reprinting is sponsored by the Susquehanna County Historical Society and Free Library Association as part of their Bicentennial Program. The comprehensive index makes this edition an especially valuable reference work, and its appearance will be appreciated by researchers who have grown weary vainly searching for a reference to an obscure individual. Mr. Stocker, a respected historian of the nineteenth century, made extensive use of the excellent research of Emily Blackman and her earlier History of Susquehanna County, which has also recently been reprinted. Besides acting as the general editor for the book, he wrote many portions himself, including the first twelve chapters on the origin, settlement, and general history of the county. Several individuals were also employed to help in compiling information on the history and genealogy of the early settlers of the various townships. These researchers traveled extensively throughout the country in 1886 and interviewed many of the older residents and descendants of the pioneer settlers, attempting to discover as much information as possible on the early families. The result was a work containing references to some 50,000 names. Even the poorest families were mentioned with extended biographical sketches of the more prominent and influential individuals. Susquehanna County was on the path of the westward migration of New England Yankees and this reprint, therefore, will also be an important reference for those whose ancestors sojourned only briefly in the county before moving further westward. It is highly recommended that genealogical libraries add this important work to their collections. RICHARD 0. ELDRED The Old and Nov Monongahela. By John S. Van Voorhis. With a New Index by Veronica Schofield. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publicing Co., 1974. [Reprint of 1893 edition.] 504 p. Index. $20.00.) Here is entertaining reading made up of delightful reminiscences. The author is descriptive and communicates a folksy flavor of that era. Dr. Van Voorhis was knowledgable of the intricacies of the lives about him, viewing them both as a legislator and physician. The book was written by a self-styled historian and story-teller. Containing 8,000 names, carefully and recently indexed to include the maiden names of the women where possible, the book includes detailed sketches of families living in the limited area of the vicinity around Monongahela, Pa. This is a conglomeration of family relationships, marriage, and death dates which depends upon the index for order. In addition to providing help through genealogical data which would have to be properly documented, this history would be a valuable tool in fleshing out lineage already established. GERTRUDE C. SOLES 74 Book Reviews 75 Central Pennsylvania Marriages 1700-1899. Compiled by Charles A. Fisher. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1974. [Reprint of 1946 edition.] 90 p. $7.50.) Dr. Fisher has collected seven groups of marriages, related mainly to Snyder and Union Counties, Pa. and surrounding territory. In all, there are about 5000 marriages, relatively few before 1750. Part 1 is a miscellaneous collection from genealogical sources of about 900 marriages-60 before 1790, the rest 1790-1900. Part II lists about 200 marriages in Union Co. 1795-1829. (Union Co. was formed from Northumberland Co. in 1813, Snyder from Union in 1855.) Parts III, IV, V, VI are marriages by ministers: A. B. Casper, Reformed—about 450 in Snyder and Union, 1839-82 J. G. Anspach, Lutheran—about 250 mainly in Union, 1831-60 C. G. Erlenmeyer, Lutheran—about 1000 mainly in Snyder, 1840-75 J. P. Shindle Jr., Lutheran—about 1000 in Snyder and Union, 1835-87 On a guess these represent about 20% of all marriages in that period. Part VII consists of a collection of about 1150 marriages of Revolutionary soldiers in Pennsylvania—about one-half give no date. All parts list males only in alphabetical order. This is a real contribution in a difficult area of genealogical research in Pennsylvania. The only marriage records are: (I) those kept by ministers and justices of the peace (many are lost); (2) newspaper accounts; (3) family Bibles; (4) a very few county marriage bonds. County marriage records do not begin in Pennsylvania until about 1885, except for a few years in the early 1850's. RAYMOND M. BELL Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia, Extracted from the Original Court Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800. By Lyman Chalkley. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1974. Three volumes, 1,998 p. Index. $60.00.) This is a facsimile reproduction of the original work of 1912, first reprinted in 1965, now re-issued. Beginners in genealogical research may not realize the importance to Pennsylvania research of the records of Augusta County, Virginia. Set up in 1745, this county encompassed the land beyond the Blue Ridge Mountains, extending indefinitely to the West and Northwest. The Virginia patent conflicted with Penn's patent, so that southwest Pennsylvania fell into this county, and the Augusta County Court met several times in what is now Pittsburgh. These three volumes are composed of abstracts of records of many kinds that relate primarily to Scotch-Irish families, and though only part of them actually relate to Pennsylvania, it should be remembered that the bulk of these people migrated there through Pennsylvania. There is a mass of valuable material here for use in research into western Pennsylvania genealogy. The quality and completeness of the abstracts can only be guessed, and of course there is no real substitute for the original documents. Though there are adequate full name indexes in each volume, none of them, unfortunately, has a table of contents, with the result that it is not easy to locate Judge Chalkley's abstracts of specific records. But at least this compilation will guide the student to the source he will need to examine first hand. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. 76 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Virginia Court Records in Southwestern Pennsylvania: Records of the District of West Augusta and Ohio and Yohogania Counties. Virginia 1775-1780. By Boyd Crumrine. Index by Inez Waldenmaier. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1974. [Facsimile reprinted from the Annals of the Carnegie Museum, Volumes 1-111, Pittsburgh, 1902-1905, with an added foreword and an index.] 542 pages. Maps. Index. $20.00.) The early history of Southwestern Pennsylvania involved more than the struggle for control by two nations, England and France. It was also concerned with the conflict over jurisdiction between two colonies, Pennsylvania and Virginia. This latter controversy became intense with the formation of the Ohio Company by Virginians in 1748 to establish settlements in this area. This territory, called the District of West Augusta by Virginia, was divided by her in 1776 into the counties of Ohio, Yohogania, and Monongalia, and embraced the lands now included in the Pennsylvania counties of Washington, Greene, Fayette, Westmoreland, and Allegheny. Courts were set up and it is the minute books of these, with the exception of those for Monongalia County destroyed by fire, which were transcribed from the originals by Boyd Crumrine, the late Washington, Pennsylvania historian. These books record the names of thousands who were parties to probates, suits, deeds, mortgages, etc. Many of the early settlers of Pittsburgh are found here, including Craig, Neville, Ross, McKee, Robinson, Beeler, Sample, and others. Since the journal in which these records were first published is one largely devoted to scientific subjects where most genealogists would not have cause to search, this reprinting is of great service, especially to those concerned with Western Pennsylvania genealogy. Readers of the Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine, it should be noted, however, would already be aware of the existence of this material since it has been mentioned here previously: see Charles R. Barker, "Pitfalls in Genealogy's Path," PGM, XXII, 2 (1961), 119, n. 6, and Raymond Martin Bell, "Washington County: Source Material for Genealogical Research," PGM, XXVII, 3 (1972), 183. The addition of an index by Inez Waldenmaier is especially valuable since it cites fullname entries whenever they occur in the text. A most useful work for every genealogical researcher in this area, Crumrine's introductory chapter "The Boundary Controversy Between Pennsylvania and Virginia, 1748-1785" will be appreciated by anyone interested in the history of this period. ROBERT K. MATLACK Across the Years in Prince George's County (Maryland). By Effie Gwynn Bowie. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1975. [Reprint of 1947 edition.] xxiv, 904 p. Illustrations, index. $30.00.) This is one of the better volumes of personal recollections, combined with genealogical and biographical data on families related to the author. A large portion of the genealogical material offered is colonial, and though references are rarely supplied, in most cases the quality of the text appears to be of a high order. Though few families in this book have their roots in Pennsylvania, there has been sufficient movement in both directions to make the book valuable for leads for those interested in the border area. Some 56 families (with some duplication) are noticed in this work, with rather extensive data on Addison, Brooke, Calvert, Clagett, Clark, Digges, Gwynn, Hill, Hilleary, Keene, Murdock, Waring, and Bowie. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Book Reviews 77 British Deportees to America. Part I: 1760-1763. By Clifford Neal Smith. [British-American Genealogical Research Monograph Number 1.] (DeKalb, III.: Westland Publications, 1974. 97 p. $8.00.) With this publication, the indefatigable Mr. Smith launches another series of valuable monographs. In his introduction, he carefully points out that many of the "crimes" for which persons were deported to America would now be classified as misdemeanors. Many were seized as innocent loiterers and vagrants. Most were victims of England's desire to populate its colonies to counter French and Spanish claims—and to fill the ranks of its army when there was no conscription. Many of the unfortunates were sent to the 49th Regiment of Foot in Jamaica, later to serve with the British in the American Revolution. Mr. Smith gracefully calls attention to Peter Wilson Coldham's English Convicts in Colonial America (see PGM, XXVIII, 4 (1974), 282) and concludes that the two works complement each other. Mr. Smith's work, though confined to cases which were appealed, gives eight categories of information, including nature of crime, place where tried, and citation of documents, all helpful in further research. On comparison, one can conclude that while Mr. Coldham's work might be broader, Mr. Smith's goes deeper. The information on the 500-plus persons is set forth in attractive and useful detail, with, in some instances, lengthy histories of the cases. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. The Royal Heraldry of England. By J. H. and R. V. Pieces. (Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1974. xviii, 334 p. Illustrations, genealogical tables, 7 appendices, index. $35.00.) Printed and bound in England, this is one of the better examples of its type that this reviewer has seen. Strangely, neither the dust jacket nor the text gives us any information about the authors, though we may suppose that they are of the same family as that of John Pinches (Medallists), Ltd. (see p. viii). The heraldry here illustrated is beautifully and faithfully executed. The workmanship of plates and printing is of a high order; there are 9 color plates and 258 in black and white. A short Preface explains the text and the unusual numbering system that the authors employ to identify the children and grandchildren of various generations. The Introduction provides the background for the development of the Royal arms, and illustrates the development of the design of the crown from Edward II to Elizabeth II, and of the coronets of the immediate family of the sovereign. The text begins with a pedigree of the later descendants of the House of Cerdic, starting with King Edgar, and showing the relationships between the Saxon kings and the Houses of Denmark and Normandy. The first king treated is Edward the Confessor, and there are illustrations of his coins and of the arms attributed to him and to Harold II. Outline biographical material folloWs, interspersed with genealogical tables and extremely well executed illustrations. Fine as the illustrations are, the text does not, unfortunately, measure up to them. Genealogical errors of consequence are apparent throughout the work, and the careful reader will find many more than the following examples: The first chart, p. 2, of the Saxon and Danish rulers, states incorrectly that Harold II d.s.p. Actually, he had a large number of children, and at least two survived him. His daughter Gytha was married to Vladimir Monomachus, Grand Duke of Kiev, and all the sovereigns of England since Edward III are descended from him. Table II, the Normans (p. 8) shows Robert the Devil as twice married, with issue by each "wife": I) Arlette (actually his mistress, and mother of his heir William "the Bastard"), and 2) Herluin. Since Herluin was one of his barons, and the husband of his mistress Arlette, 78 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine after the liaison had been terminated, this is a most peculiar error. Herluin and Arlette had two famous children, William's half-brothers: Ode, Bishop of Bayeux, and Robert, Count of Mortain. Page 15 gives the impression that of Henry l's illegitimate offspring, there are dam available about only 12. As a matter of fact, much information is readily available about 23 of them. Rosamund Clifford is indicated (p. 22) as the mother of the two famous bastards of Henry II: Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, and William Longespee, Earl of Salisbury, though this identification, of comparitively recent manufacture, was shown to be false many decades ago. The table on page 102 strangely shows Richard le Despencer and his sister Isabel (who successively married two Richard Beauchamps) as children of Edward, second Duke of York, who d.s.p. 1415. They were, of course, children of Edward's sister Constance and her husband Thomas le Despencer. No separate section of the text is assigned to Lady Jane Grey, who assumed the throne on the death of Edward VI, and who certainly is considered to have reigned for nine days, until her supporters were overthrown by those of Mary 1. The authors make the interesting comment (p. 137) that, "It seems unrealistic to say that she bore the Royal Arms." Some of the text is missing from the middle of page 194, so that only the first line appears for a paragraph beginning, "In 1700, the untimely death of the little Duke of Gloucester, nine". The thought hangs there in the air leaving the reader to wonder what the authors were going to tell us. Interesting data are supplied on the descendants of Queen Victoria, and the seven appendices furnish heraldic and genealogical data about the recent generations of the Houses of Brunswick, Denmark, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prussia, Russia and Saxony. If the reader does not take the genealogical data in this book as gospel, then the work has an assured place in heraldic literature. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families. By Lewis C. Loyd, ed. by Charles T. Clay and David C. Douglas. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1975. [Reprint of 1951 edition, as Vol. 103 of The Publications of the Harleian Society.] xvi, 140 p. Map, index. $12.50.) This valuable work should be in the library of every student, whether genealogist or historian. of eleventh and twelfth century England. Making use of clues that had often been missed by past researchers Dr. Loyd identified the probable places of origin of a hundred or more families that came to England during the Conquest, and often managed to link them with the families that remained in Normandy. The painstaking work of readying Dr. Loyd's notes for printing fell, after his death, to Sir Charles Travis Clay, then Librarian of the House of Lords, and Prof. David C. Douglas, the distinguished historian whose studies of the Conquest period and the major participants are familiar to many of us. This volume is a must for those who wish to trace a family from England into Normandy. It is certainly to be hoped that this is only the first of many Harleian volumes, now unavailable, that will be reprinted. Perhaps the publisher will next consider the valuable four volume set of the Knights of Edward I. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Book Reviews 79 The Pennsylvania Navy, 1775-1781. The Defense of the Delaware. By John W. Jackson. (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1974. xiv, 514 p. Illustrations, index. $12.50.) The subtitle indicates what lies before the reader in this excellent book. Not only has Mr. Jackson provided a fine history of the Pennsylvania Navy, but more important he has given a complete treatment of an often overlooked and heretofore poorly documented period of the War of the Revolution. All aspects of the rebelling colony's attempts to deny British use of one of America's major water courses, the Delaware, and her major city, Philadelphia, are treated in a thoroughly professional style. The text is supported by a fine selection of illustrations. One could question the use of a few views whose captions express such statements as "Interesting but inaccurate portrayal ... ," as this seems to imply a lack of any historical merit. But there are a good number of maps and paintings which have seen little if any exposure in works on the Revolution. There is one point in the text where we could argue with Mr. Jackson's opinion. In the first chapter he states "True Loyalist regiments—self styled—were formed, but except as partisan corps, were never very effective." Even if we discount the large number of conventionally organized and very effective Loyalist regiments raised outside of Pennsylvania, one still finds a good number of units formed right in Philadelphia, such as the Volunteers of Ireland, the 1st Battalion of Pennsylvania Loyalists, the Maryland Loyalists, Guides and Pioneers, plus a number of small corps which saw extensive service attached to larger Loyalist units. Occassionally Mr. Jackson's pro-American sentiment shows in some rather emotional statements. When speaking of the battle of Germantown he refers to the "tatterdemalion force of Washington's, lacking everything but courage." Washington's attack on Germantown was impressive, and his force was far from a demoralized or ill-equipped force. On the same topic we read of this force attacking and rolling back the "flower" of the British army. If any part of the British army was its flower it would have been the British and Hessian grenadier battalions, none of which took part in the battle. These small criticisms should in no way detract from Mr. Jackson's work. The mass of well documented information provided in the text and the seven appendices leave no doubt that this work will be considered the prime source on this aspect of the Revolution for some time to come. GARY CHRISTOPHER New Hampshire Genealogical Research Guide. By Laird C. Towle. (Bowie, Md.: Prince George's County Genealogical Society, 1973, viii, 43 p., map. $3.50.) Although a small publication in size, this booklet provides excellent source material in its format of a "Guide." Dr. Towle has not attempted an in-depth study of New Hampshire genealogical research; rather, he leads the reader toward an in-depth research of his or her own. The author's opening sentence should be engraved on every genealogist's mind: "The genealogical records of a region cannot be understood without reference to the geography and history of the area." This important statement is followed by a brief but important 5page background of the state's history. It is an outline for one to use in searching, in much more detail, the area of the state in which his search is located. Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont and New York states all played some role in the lives of early New Hampshire settlers. Therefore, New Hampshire research also entails research in other states at specific periods. These periods are part of the history which must be learned for the most productive results. 80 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine A visit to Ness Hampshire to examine the fine records repositories, all listed and evaluated by Dr. Towle, is the ideal way to do genealogical research in that state. Most of the vital records are concentrated in Concord, in various state agencies: Vital Statistics; Records and Archives Center; and the State Library. Also in Concord is the New Hampshire Historical Society with its considerable library of both published works and manuscript collections. The Baker Memorial Library at Dartmouth College in Hanover is worth a visit for its manuscript collections, newspapers, and town and county histories. Its limited staff cannot respond to genealogical queries. With time to spare for research, the public libraries at Dover, Exeter and Keene are worth a side trip. Although their collections are not yet as completely catalogued as some of the larger libraries and state agencies, their staffs are helpful. As might be expected, Dr. Towle lists all of the major published works on New Hampshire genealogy for the benefit of novice researchers. In addition, he details the sources for "literature search," vital records, church and cemetery records, newspapers and the records of courts, census, military, immigration, town clerks and the published Provincial and State Papers. The latter, in 40 volumes, may be found in most major libraries throughout the United States. One of the more useful sections of Dr. Towle's work is a partial table of contents for the 40 volumes of the provincial and state papers, which are a gold mine of information for the genealogist. They contain Probate Records, 1635-1771; court records and land grants; and the military rolls of the French and Indian Wars and the American Revolution. Additionally, they contain many miscellaneous items of great value to genealogists. Of greatest interest in New Hampshire research—as in any other New England state—are the Town Records kept by the Town Clerks. The State Library in Concord has a master name index to all microfilmed Town Records which are also available in the same library. Dr. Towle's Guide includes a list of the several hundred Town Records which have been microfdmed and are available. Those interested in New Hampshire genealogy are advised, both by Dr. Towle and by this reviewer, to consult a copy of Historical New Hampshire, December 1946, which contains a partial compilation titled "Family Names in New Hampshire Town Histories." This work is now available, as a separate publication, from the New Hampshire Historical Society. It contains the names of about 3,000 families, each followed by the names of the towns where the family name appears. Although it does not claim to be complete, it is a valuable tool for locating early local families. Not all towns have published histories, of course, but those which have are quite well-covered by this work. Dr. Towle is to be congratulated for providing a very fine Guide which, though seemingly brief, covers all the more important sources for New Hampshire genealogical research. DOROTHEE HUGHES CAROUSSO Foulke Family. Second edition, revised and updated. By Roy A. Foulke. (Bronxville, N.Y., 1974. xviii, 256 p. Illus., index. No price given.) The first edition of this genealogy, published in 1972, was subtitled One Branch Descended from James Ffookes, who was already settled in Accomack County. Virginia, by the year 1663. Many descendants were included in Lancaster, Dauphin, Lycoming and Bradford Counties, Pa., and in Chemung County, N.Y. The work was distinguished by thoroughness of research, strict reliance on documentation (often quoted in full and occasionally illustrated), modesty of claims, richness of biographical information, scrupulous historical approach, and the attractiveness of the volume (printed by the highly regarded Anthoensen Press, Portland, Maine). 81 Book Reviews The second edition continues these admirable qualities and holds extra interest for the genealogist: in a lengthy introduction, the author describes the information supplied him by a certain genealogist, now deceased, which was used in the first edition and turned out to be inaccurate, and details the variety of often tedious steps required to check and correct this information, much of which was fraudulent. These steps, fully described, are an object lesson to any researcher in persistence, patience and know-how. It is a pleasure to report that Mr. Foulke has agreed to deposit the papers regarding this "episode" with the Genealogical Society, so that they may be "available to interested researching genealogists of the future." The book may be obtained from Mr. Foulke, 9 Midland Gardens, Bronxville, NY 10708. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. A History of the Otstot(t) Family in America, also being a Guide to else Descendants of Jost and Katherine Otstadt. By Charles Mathieson Otstot. (Baltimore: Gateway Press, 1973. xviii, 830 p. Illus., charts, maps, index, 30-page Supplement for 1974. $20.00.) This monumental genealogy starts with Jost and Katherine Otstadt, from the Palatine in the Worms-Mainz area, who arrived in Philadelphia 9 October 1775, and were next recorded in Oley Township, Berks County, in 1781. They had 7 children and 63 grandchildren, 38 with the Otstot name. Family members moved on to Lancaster, York and Dauphin Counties, and later to Ohio, Illinois and elsewhere. The compiler, thanks to obvious industry and cousinly cooperation, has been able to amass pertinent information on a large number of the many descendants, and is generous with personal information, particularly with the earlier family members. The work is lavishly illustrated with family portraits, and concludes with four indexes, including a helpful one of localities keyed to families. Highly recommended not only to all Otstots, but to every one interested in a thorough job well done. The book can be ordered directly from the compiler, at 5124 N. 33rd Street, Arlington, VA 22207, and purchasers will be informed of future Supplements. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. Sally Winter's Journal. A True Narrative Being a Quaker Maiden's Account of Her Experiences with Officers of the Continental Army, 1777-1778. Edited by Albert Cook Myers. Illustrations, index. (New York: Arno Press, 1969. [Reprint of the 1902 edition.] 224 p. Illustrations, index. $9.00.) This charming Journal, the original manuscript of which is in the collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, deserves to be. reprinted. Sixteen year old Sally began her Journal two weeks after the Battle of Brandywine. Her descriptions of the young officers she met and the events she witnessed made delightful reading. Albert Cook Myers' scholarly footnotes add much to the book. Sally's mother, Lowry Jones, was a birthright Friend. Her father, Daniel Wister, became a Quaker "by request" shortly before their marriage, which was by Pennsylvania License dated 5 May 1760, and not by "Friends' ceremony" as Mr. Myers states in his Introduction. Lowry Jones was a descendant of Thomas Wynne who came to Pennsylvania with William Penn on the "Welcome" in 1682. The references that Mr. Myers gives for young Sally's "royal descent" hardly meet current genealogical standards. MADELENE HOWLAND 82 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Wills and Their Whereabouts. By Anthony J. Camp. (Published by and available from the author, 162 Westbourne Grove, London W11 2RW, 1974. xlvi, 263 p. Index. Paperback. £3.50.) Wills and Where To Find Them. By J. S. W. Gibson. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1974. xxii, 210 p. Partial index, maps. $15.00.) These two works are descendants of the same ancestry—B. G. Bouwen's Wills and Their Whereabouts, first published in 1939, and passing through three editions, the third by Mr. Camp. How it happens that Mr. Camp continues to publish a 4th edition and hold the copyright (his p. iv), while Mr. Gibson claims the same ancestry for his work (p. x), ignoring Mr. Camp's 4th edition, and identifying his work as a volume in the British Record Society series, published in England by Phillimore, is not easily apparent. Mr. Gibson covers the same ground as Mr. Camp, and supplies outline maps in each county section to locate roughly each jurisdiction. He also combines in each section the probate material before and after 1858 (when the laws were changed), while Mr. Camp separates them. He gives a brief background on British probate (3 pages) together with a glossary (5 pages), and he then covers the English counties, Wales (in two sections), the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, Ireland, and Scotland, in that order. He ends with a 3-page index to courts. Mr. Camp devotes 42 pages of introduction, with its own index, to the background, functioning, records, and procedures in British probate, a superb essay that is must reading for the student. His index, unlike Mr. Gibson's, is 33 pages long. His entries are more full and complete than those of Mr. Gibson, and he also groups his material by repository, so that all material in one repository appears in one place. When one notes that Mr. Gibson devotes 7 pages to London and Middlesex, one of which is a map, to Mr. Camp's 20, and when we see that Mr. Camp details the facts on the Archepiscopal Reigsters at Lambeth Palace (13131637), which appear to have been forgotten by Mr. Gibson, it becomes apparent that even though Mr. Gibson neatly lists the parishes in each county (not done by Mr. Camp), if a choice need be made between these two works, the more complete and recommended one must be Mr. Camp's. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Stranger Stop and Cast an Eye. A Guide to Gravestones & Gravestone Rubbing. By G. Walker Jacobs. (Brattleboro, Vt.: Stephen Greene Press, 1973. 123 p. Illustrations, index. $4.95.) The author treats her subject in two parts—a brief history of grave symbols and stonecutters, and the actual rubbing techniques. She concludes with samples of her own work, plus a helpful bibliography. The material is devoted almost entirely to New England, and is generously illustrated. The author draws a careful distinction between symbols and signs, and shows how the designs and carvings often reflect the personality and other circumstances of the deceased; the exposition of the four basic techniques is full of sensible advice by a person who is obviously an expert. With cemeteries increasingly threatened by the implacable march of "Progress," gravestone rubbing is a most useful occupation, and often the best way to preserve inscriptions. For anyone interested in this activity, this book provides an ideal introduction, and makes a most attractive present. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. Book Reviews 83 Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey, Comprehending a General View of its Physical and Moral Conditions, Together with a Topographical and Statistical Account of its Counties, Towns, Villages, Canals, Rail Roads, Etc., Accompanied by a Map. By Thomas F. Gordon. (Cottonport, La.: Polyanthos, 1973. [Facsimile reproduction of the 1834 edition with a new preface by Donald A. Sinclair.] iv, 266 pp. $15.00.) Published some fifty years after the founding of our nation, and during the period of its early growth, this volume is important to the genealogist in assisting him to locate and learn more about the contemporary view of the places that he finds named in his research. Some names have changed, many political boundaries are different, and a careful workman will often have to go to the maps—and this book—for the background information which he needs. While by no means a perfect reference, it is still the best available for its period, and should be included in the collections of all libraries covering the state. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Register In Alphabetical Order of the Early Settlers of King's County, Long Island, N. Y. from its First Settlement by Europeans to 1700; with Contributions to their Biographies and Genealogies, compiled from various sources. By Tennis G. Bergen. (Cottonport, La.: Polyanthos, 1973. [Facsimile reproduction of the original edition of 1881 with added introduction by Harriet Mott Stryker-Rodda.] x, 452 p. Illustrations, map, index. $15.00.) 100 years ago Mr. Bergen collected from many sources, some of which are no longer available to researchers, all the material that he could find on the very early settlers, largely Dutch, but some of them British, in the geographic area which is now Brooklyn. A few years before his death he organized his researches into the subject volume. Mrs. StrykerRodda introduces this re-issue of his work with a page and a half appreciation of the author. No comments are made upon its completeness, but this mass of material remains the first reference to be consulted. Though certainly not the final word, this is certainly the starting place for background and leads in the study of Dutch families in this time frame and location; however, before using it, the student should be certain that he understands the principles of Dutch naming systems. If this is not well understood, serious confusion will almost certainly result. The index is useful and appears to be complete. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Genealogy of the Shumway Family. Compiled by Asahel Adams Shumway. (York, Pa.: George Shumway, 1972. [Reprint of 1909 edition, with new foreword by George Shumway.] 478 p. Illustrations, index. $18.00.) This reprint of the Genealogy of the Shumway Family is intended as Volume One in a series of Shumway family histories designed to update the original scarce volume. It is to be hoped that additions and corrections of information in Volume One will also be included in the projected work of updating. The Shumway family is, traditionally, of French Huguenot origin, and it is thought that the name is a form of the word Chamois. The American progenitor was Peter Shumway who appeared on the roll of Colonial soldiers of Massachusetts as early as 1675. He died in Boxford, Essex Co., Mass., 10 April-10 June 1695, leaving his wife Frances and children Peter, Samuel, Dorcas and Joseph Shumway. Although the early generations are well-documented by references to wills and land records, the later generations carry no documentation whatever. Some lines are carried down 84 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine to the ninth generation. Doubtless this was achieved by the compiler, Asahel Adams Shumway, through correspondence with then-living relatives who are since scattered and gone. It is unfortunate that the lack of annotation renders this volume inadequate as a reference work. However, it will be of great interest to the descendants of Peter Shumway. DOROTHEE HUGHES CAROUSSO The Bechtel Family Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Comp. by Barbara M. Dalby. (Hazel Crest, Dalby Assoc., 1974. iv, 197 p. Index. $7.50.) In the course of a "fruitless search for the parents of one John Bechtel, born in Pennsylvania about 1812," the compiler, a descendant, collected many Bechtel names, here published in alphabetical order. About 1,900 Bechtels (with many variant spellings) are included, with basic information given in many cases—birth, marriage, children, death, etc. This is a commendable effort, and will be helpful in identifying members of this large family. Unfortunately, perhaps became of uncritical reliance on information provided by many sources (listed on p. iv), the material is marred by inconsistencies in abbreviation and punctuation; by omissions of Bechtels easily known through existing genealogies of Berks County families (LeVan, for example) and in cemetery records (Zion Evangelical and Reformed Church, Pottstown; Falkner Swamp Reformed Church; and Harley Burying Ground, Franconia Twp.; all Montgomery County, Pa.); by egregious errors in transcribing information given in Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers; and, perhaps the ultimate insult, by referring to these two gentlemen in the text as "S. Hingle," reduced to "Hingle" in the index. The index is helpful, but unreliable; aside from various misspellings it was noted, for example, that the following maiden names of Bechtel wives, given in the text, were missing: Hill, Hunter, Levengood, Rimby. Despite these and other shortcomings, there is useful information here and many leads. It is hoped that the next volume will be more accurate. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. Abstracts of the Records of the Society of Friends in Indiana, Part Five. (Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy, Volume VII). Edited by Willard Heiss. (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1974. xii, 485 p. $15.00, paper; $17.50, cloth.) Part Five of this invaluable work of Willard Heiss includes abstracts of fourteen meetings in Orange, Washington, Bartholemew, Vigo, Parke, Morgan, Montgomery, Boone, Tippecanoe and Vermillion Counties in Indiana. Also included are the records of Vermillion Meeting, Vermillion County, Illinois. This Meeting has a close connection to Indiana meetings and is the link to later meetings in Iowa. Preceding the records of each meeting is an account of its origins and an inventory of its records. The present locations of the records are indicated, making it possible for the careful researcher to consult the original record or a microfilm copy. Mr. Heiss, in his Preface, states that Part Six is nearly completed. This will be the last volume of text. The editor gives us hope that the series will be concluded with a comprehensive index. These two final volumes of the Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy, Volume VII, will be welcomed by genealogists and historians. Copies of the work are available from the Indiana Historical Society, 140 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, Ind. 46204. MADELENE HOWLAND Book Reviews 85 Early New England Gravestone Rubbings. By Edmund Vincent Gillon, Jr. (New York: Dover Publications, 1966. xxvi, 195 plates. $3.50.) Gravestone Designs. Rubbings Photographs from Early New York New Jersey. By Emily Wasserman. (New York: Dover Publications, 1972. xvi, 33 p., 135 plates. $4.00.) These two handsome picture books, in identical format, present a harvest of gravestone inscriptions. Mr. Gillon's stated aim, in the volume on New England, is pictorial documentation, and he richly succeeds with nearly 200 plates, some with several illustrations. His material is organized by signs and symbols, sometimes to the detriment of the wording on the stones, which is tantalizingly cut off. Despite the occasional failure to identify the deceased and locate the gravestone, genealogists will find here much of interest. The second volume, by Emily Wasserman, has a comparable number of illustrations, with a more scholarly approach: an extensive introduction, detailed notes on each illustration, inclusion of careful geographical and genealogical material (with clues for further research). Her work is further enriched by a most helpful bibliography and appendices. Most of the material relates to Northern New Jersey (especially Elizabeth) and New York City and environs. The suggestive notes will certainly stimulate travel to cemeteries in search of further information. These volumes are highly recommended for historical, genealogical and artistic reasons, and the publisher, noted for quality and variety of production, is urged to continue this series into Pennsylvania and southward. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland. By Marjorie 0. Anderson. (Totawa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1974. xviii, 310 p. Bibliography, maps, appendix, index. $13.50.) The high quality historical works of Dr. Anderson and her late husband are known to all students of Scottish history. The present volume analyzes and compares the regnal lists and supporting documents primarily for the period of the sixth to ninth centuries. Since the land "north of the Forth-Clyde isthmus" was composed of a series of separate kingdoms—the settlers from Ireland (Ddl Riata), the Picts, and the British of Lothian and Strathclyde—the study can not follow as uniform and easy a pattern as, for instance, Dr. Byrne's Irish Kings and High Kings. Nor do we find a series of pedigree charts as genealogically satisfying to follow. However, the scholarship here is of the highest order, and the work is indispensable to the understanding and evaluation of all regnal pedigrees of these kingdoms. An appendix of 87 pages is composed of related material, including two pedigree charts and a table of Pictish kings, followed by the actual texts of the regnal lists and a few other documents. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Mercenaries from Ansbach and Bayreuth, Germany, Who Remained in America After the Revolution. German-American Genealogical Research Monographs, Number 2. By Clifford Neal Smith. (Thomson, Ill.: Heritage House, 1974. 52 p. $6.00.) Mr. Smith here continues his valuable work of publishing lists of Germans who took part in the Revolutionary War (see PGM, XXVIII, 285-6). This group of names is taken from a dissertation by Erhard Staedtler, transcribed principally from muster rolls in the Public Records Office, London, and published in Nfirnberg in 1956. Staedtler computed a total of 2464 men, of whom 679 deserted and settled in America. 86 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Their units were attached directly to the British Army commanded by Generals Howe and Clinton; they saw service mainly in Philadelphia, Newport and Yorktown. It is probable that many of them deserted in Pennsylvania. Mr. Smith presents the names in "soundexed order, because there is considerable evidence that many of the surnames were changed in America to conform to English notions of orthography," and carefully explains the soundex coding guide in an appendix. He also gives an address for follow up action in Germany. Everyone interested in German research will welcome these useful monographs and look forward to the appearance of successive numbers. They wilt also want to consult Mr. Smith's related articles in the Illinois State Genealogical Society Quarterly, particularly "Problems in German-American Research", in the Summer 1974 issue. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. English Wills of Colonial Families. By Noel Currer-Briggs. (Cottonport, La.: Polyanthos, 1972. 238 p. Index. $12.50.) This is the third of Mr. Currer-Briggs' excellent works to be published in the United States and deserves far more space than is available for this review. Besides the Kirby family (researches on which were responsible for the author's original studies; see PGM, XXVIII, 210), abstracts of wills of persons bearing 29 other surnames are offered. Of these families, 10 are treated in some detail, the balance consisting of scattered records. Not all material is immediately tied to a colonist, but all is in some manner related, and most is entirely new. The most detailed study included would appear to be that of the ancestry of Bridget Yonge, wife of Gov. George Willys of Connecticut, for whom a six generation full ancestral chart is provided on page 8. Mr. Currer-Briggs continues to demonstrate the highest quality of workmanship. This book should be included in all genealogical and historical libraries, and is a must for workers in the difficult trans-Atlantic phase of genealogical research. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Index to the 1850 Census of Pennsylvania: Northampton County. Compiled by Elizabeth Petty Bentley. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1974. 64 p. 56.50.) As the second volume in a projected index to the 1850 Pennsylvania Census, this volume for Northampton County follows the pattern as established in the compiler's previous publication on Lucerne and Wyoming Counties. Although the index is by surname only, it should not be considered that the absence of a first name limits the use of this reference tool. The index can be recommended for the beginning researcher in genealogy, as the compiler has used a very simplified code number indicator. This reviewer has given the index a thorough work session in the past two months: a 1% check of the census itself, against the index, reveals that a little imagination is required for family names, which may be spelled differently in church records and tax lists for the particular locale. The- compiler, of course, warns that the census was handwritten, recopied by clerks, and re-interpreted by her in preparing the index. Anyone working in the field of genealogy will be accustomed to name variations, and should be aware of the many ways of the spelling of surnames. This index will be appreciated by both the amateur and the professional, and should ease the burden of researching a mammoth project, such as the 1850 census. It is highly recommended for purchase by any organization or individual, who would have access to the 1850 census. JANE S. MOYER Book Reviews 87 .Men in Rebellion. Higher Governmental Leaders and the Coming of the American Revolution. By James Kirby Martin. (New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 1973. xxiii, 263. Tables, charts, index. $12.50.) The author's purpose in this scholarly study is to offer an additional reason for colonial Americans, previously loyal to the British Crown, to throw off that attachment. He concludes that the American Revolution was caused also by a "structural crisis in power and political placement among leaders in the colonies making up the late provincial political elite." In other words, there was lack of room at the top. Through charts made possible by computer analysis, he demonstrates the slow turnover in the top political jobs, which frustrated the growing number of educated men seeking power and served to make them restless against authority. This thesis is sustained by a quantitative study, with many examples, charts and diagrams. Particularly valuable from the genealogical point of view are studies of a number of families and their all-important kinship ties (Chapter Four). Also valuable is Appendix I (inexcusably, not indexed), giving the names, titles and dates of all persons in higher political positions in late colonial and revolutionary periods; the list is tremendously convenient for referral, and helps to rescue a number of second-level leaders from near-oblivion. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. To Set a Country Free. (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1975. 74 p. Illustrations, maps. $4.50.) This publication is based on the exhibition in the Library of Congress, commemorating the 200th anniversary of American independence, and gives a vivid account, richly illustrated, of the events of the twenty years from 1763 to 1783. Many of the leading actors in this drama are portrayed in contemporary prints and engravings; in addition, important documents, battle scenes and other events are shown, all through material on display in the exhibition, whose opening, on 24 April, marks the 175th anniversary of the establishment of the Library of Congress. Everyone connected with the exhibition—and this publication—must be commended for clear and concise exposition in a most attractive and illuminating format. The results are of the highest quality, and amply succeed in carrying out the Library's aim to "further the public's acquaintance with both the story of the revolution and the Library's holdings in Americana." EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. Wills and Administrations of Northumberland County, Including Wills and Administrations of Union, Mifflin and Indiana Counties. By Charles A. Fisher. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1974. [Reprint of 1950 edition.] 77 p. Index. $7.50.) The book consists of lists of wills and administrations from the following counties: Northumberland, 1772-1813; Union, 1813-1819; Mifflin, 1789-1793 (wills only); and Indiana, 18181849. The following information is included for administrations: name and residence of deceased, name of person to whom administration issued, and names of persons who acted as sureties; and for the wills: name and residence of deceased, writing and probate dates, names of heirs. 88 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine The compiler has simply copied the information from the books in the various courthouses, and published it as is, without any additions or enrichments, so that the net result is merely a number of lists. Not that there is anything wrong with lists—genealogists use them all the time in the form of census records, tax lists, muster rolls, etc.—but a person who possesses detailed genealogical knowledge in a certain geographic area has an opportunity, even an obligation, when compiling such material for publication, to share this knowledge with his potential readers through the use of accurate annotations. Such annotations are, for the most part, missing here. For example, the value of this collection would have been enhanced by supplying the missing townships for the administrations from Northumberland County up to 1810, and all of Indiana County; by indicating, possibly by an asterisk, each administration that has an Orphans Court docket or land release connected with it; by indicating which present day county many of the townships from old Northumberland County are now a part of; and, in the case of the Union County section, which townships are now in Snyder County. All of these things would haye been easy to do, and would have required almost no extra space. It is a shame that the compiler didn't think of them, or choose to include them in his book. Another obligation the compiler has is to present accurate information, an obligation not always fulfilled here. Without checking the entire material for errors, either of commission or omission, the following obviously typographic errors were noted just in the Northumberland County section: 20 Apr. 1795, Frederick Gable should be Gmybill (p. 7); 30 Apr. 1801, Ignatus Catin should be Catlin (p. 10); 10 Nov. 1806, Ruth Aspy should be Espy (p. 13); 24 Mar. 1795, Henry Keller should be Kehler (p. 24); 26 Mar. 1798, John Henry Drebs should be Krebs (p. 26). As for errors of omission, there are at least 5 administrations and 1 will missing, and in the will of Philip Mertz (p. 29), his son Abraham has been omitted from the list of heirs. The book's other major failing is incomplete indexing. The only index is for the deceased. Hundreds of names, including administrators, sureties and heirs, are not indexed at all, making it impossible to effectively use most of the material in this book. When this material was being prepared for reprinting, a conscientious publisher would have seen to it that at least the errors were corrected and supplemental indexes added; this responsibility has here been shirked. In addition, cheap paper was used, and the binding is not very substantial. All of these factors, plus a price tag of $7.50, combine to make this book an unattractive investment. MICHAEL T. SNYDER Central Pennsylvania Marriages, 1700-1896. By Charles A. Fisher. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1974. [Reprint of 1946 edition.] 90 p. 1974. $7.50.) The scope of this book is not as broad as the title implies, because about 90% of the marriages listed here took place in the Union-Snyder County area. Nevertheless, it is nice to have this material available, because, except for court house records, genealogical data are not nearly so plentiful for these two counties as for some of the Eastern Pennsylvania counties that also have a large population of Pennsylvania German extraction. The book is divided into seven sections: Miscellaneous Marriages (1700-1896), Union County Marriages (1795-1829), Marriages of Revolutionary War Soldiers and the marriage records of the following ministers: Rev. J. G. Anspach, Union County (1831-1850), Rev. J. P. Shindel, Jr., Snyder and Union Counties (1835-1887). Rev. A: B. Casper, Snyder and Union Counties (1839-1882), and Rev. C. G. Erlenmyer, Snyder County (1840[sic]-1875). The information given for individual entries is date of marriage (approximated in many cases in Book Reviews 89 the Revolutionary War section), place of residence of both parties, and occasionally the name of the father of the bride. A note from the compiler states that, " ... many of these [marriages] have never before been published.", but this is not correct, because all the ones in the ministers! records had already appeared in print long before the publication of this book. Anspach's were given in The History of Mifflinburg, 1792-1927, by Charles M. Steese, published 1929, and Shindel's, Casper's and Erlenmyer's in Snyder County Marriages, 18351890, complied by George W. Wagenseller (Middleburg, Pa., 1899). The same criticisms that applied to Wills and Administrations of Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, i.e., errors in the text, lack of annotations and poor organization, may also be applied to the presentation of the material in this book. When comparing Fisher's version ox the four mmistenal records with that of Steese's and Wagenseller's, I have found many discrepancies as well as obvious typographical errors and omissions. For example, in Anspach's record on p. 22 the name of Benjamin Kurtz has been omitted, and it was he, not John Kosser, who married Lydia Englehart. John Kosser married Susannah Hofferd, whose name was also omitted. On page 23, 14 Jan. 1836 Karl Shaver is from Sugar Valley not the Susquehanna Valley. On page 24, William Zimmerman of Clinton County was omitted; he married Esther Heinly. Thomas Zerbe, who was listed as marrying Esther Heinly, married Sarah Mertz, whose name was also omitted. In Shindel's record 8 Apr. 1866 the marriage of Jacob Sieber to Adeline R. Margertiz, both of McAllisterville, was omitted. In Casper's record 24 Jan. 1839 the marriage of David Penny to a Miss Bobb was omitted. In the Revolutionary War section the name of Michael Reitz's wife was Elisabeth Schnook (Snook) not Schnope, and. for that matter. Michnat Reitz never served in the Revolution. Since Hoer was supposed to have been an expert on central rennsylmout genealogy, I think he should have supplied more annotations to the text. Items such as the father's name for both parties, the place of residence, when not given in the original record or the place of birth if it was different from the place of residence, would be very valuable to know, and could have been added with very little extra effort. Another handy item would have been a map of Snyder and Union Counties showing the township boundaries and some of the larger villages. This added pertinent information would have required only one extra page, and would have been a great help to readers not familiar with the geography of these counties. However, the biggest drawback to this book is the way the material is presented. Within each section the marriages are listed in quasi-alphabetical order by the husband's surname, and there is no kind of an index whatsoever. The lack of an index makes it very difficult to use this book, because not only must you look carefully through most of the sections of the book for a particular man's name (I do mean carefully, because the alphabetizing is inconsistent), but since there is no index for females the reader is denied access to one-half of its contents! A much better way of organizing would be to list the marriages in chronological order, indicating Revolutionary War Soldiers with an asterisk and the minister by the first letter of his last name. The publisher could have at least added an index and a list of corrections and additions when the reprint was prepared, but didn't. In fact, no improvements nave men made over the original edition. The book has been reprinted as it is on cheap paper with a poor binding, and reduced in size so the print is smaller and harder to read. Nevertheless, to those researchers interested in Pennsylvania German families this book makes available material, that to my knowledge, is not readily available in print anywhere else at this time. If you can resign yourself to the fact that you will have to prepare your own index to make it useable, and that there are errors in the text, you may want to consider investing in a copy. Only handle it with care if you want it to last. MICHAEL T. SNYDER 90 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Thomas L. McKenney, Architect of America's Early Indian Policy: 1816-1830. By Herman J. Viola. (Chicago: Swallow Press, 1974. xii, 365 p. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. 515.00.) Although this book is not directly related to genealogy, it tends to offer encouragement to those who might want to accept the challenge of attempting to reconstruct the genealogy of an American Indian family, or families. The movement of the Indian tribes from east to west created an upheaval in aboriginal society, which has not been fully understood, especially the true role of the U.S. government which is now brought out in clear perspective. That alone will furnish the genealogist with a useful point of view. Furthermore, the original Indian naming system, where surnames were absent, underwent changes as the Indians began to adopt "white" names. For instance, reference is made in this volume to David Folsom, James Lawrence McDonald, and Greenwood Leflore as Choctaws; David Vann, James Rogers, John Maw, John Ross, and John Ridge as Cherokees; Levi Colbert was a Chickasaw chief and Dougherty Colbert was his son; William Barnard was a Creek, and other examples could be cited. Mr. Viola's book does not specifically relate to the Delawares, and I do not fault him for not including in his bibliography my The Delaware Indians, A History wherein one can find such Delaware names as John and James Conner, William Anderson, James Ketchum, Andrew Miller, William Adams, James Secondine, John Killbuck, and many others. All of these names (and those cited by Mr. Viola) would be useful to the genealogist in establishing kinship ties. Viola's detailed and well-documented volume deals with the Indian policies as administered by Thomas L. McKenney, first as Superintendent of the Indian Trade and then as head of the Office of Indian Affairs, where he was exposed to unrelenting political pressures which finally cost him his job after 14 years of service. The effect of white settlement along the Atlantic seaboard was to disperse the Indians, erode their population by wars, alcohol, and disease, debase their women, and degrade their culture. By the time McKenney assumed his administrative post (as an employe in the War Department, which handled Indian Affairs until 1849), many of the eastern tribes had disappeared. McKenney argued for a policy to protect the Indians in their newly-settled western lands from illegal trespass by white squatters; regulation of the fur trade; control of the liquor traffic, and the prevention or punishment of crimes by members of one race against the other. He also insisted that the government's primary obligation was to civilize, educate, and Christianize the Indians, a program which included establishing Indian schools. He was the major architect of the civilization and removal program, two of the government's most important policies for caring for the displaced Indians. Secretary of War Calhoun placed McKenney in charge of the program which involved moving 97,000 Indians living east of the Mississippi to lands west of the river intended for their exclusive use. McKenney served under Presidents Madison, Monroe and Adams as an indefatigable advocate of Indian rights, always with an insufficient budget and an overabundance of political criticism. He founded an Indian museum and turned his office into an Indian library and an art gallery of Indian portraits. When Jackson became President, McKenney's field organization of capable, experienced agents and subagents became victims of the spoils system. McKenney had been loyal to John Quincy Adams, and Jackson made him pay dearly for this loyalty by dismissing him from office. He left office a poor man, and in his later years he lived part of the time in Philadelphia working as an editor and lecturer. The student of ethno-history will find much that is new in Viola's excellent account of the "factory system" whereby the government shipped hundreds of wagonloads of mer- Book Reviews 91 chandisc to trading posts, which returned carrying furs that McKenney sold at public auction. Under pressures from private business this system was discontinued, and replaced in 1824 by the Bureau of Indian Affairs where McKenney personally wrote all the letters in longhand. Born in Somerset County, Maryland, with a Quaker background, McKenney was a controversial figure who made the mistake of engaging in partisan politics, thereby creating many political enemies. Viola brings out that McKenney was a man of integrity and vision, but perhaps too honorable and idealistic. Historians and genealogists will both be interested in reading the chapter about McKenney's trials and tribulations as he prepared for the publication of the three-volume History of The Indian Tribes of North America, co-authored with James Hall. The work of compiling portraits of 120 Indian chiefs and then having them engraved and hand-colored is a fascinating story. In his bibliography, Viola cites numerous references which a genealogist would find useful, such as the Record Groups in the National Archives, and the primary manuscript material. This is a valuable and extremely useful book, with no detail overlooked. C. A. WESLAGER The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries, 1606-1968. By John P. Snyder. (Trenton: Bureau of Geology and Topography, 1969. xiii, 294 p. Maps, illustrations, index. $10.00.) Researchers in New Jersey's history and genealogy have much to be grateful for: its Tercentenary in 1964 launched an extensive program of scholarly and stimulating publications; committee and organizations then formed have been continued, revived and/or expanded into Bicentennial groups; two excellent periodicals, the Newsletter of the New Jersey Historical Commission and the Newsletter of the N. J. Bicentennial Commission, list and describe current and projected activities, relevant publications, research and arts grants, legislative action, and are full of useful information, with precise indications of follow up action. A score of county, township and town bulletins and journals complete this fascinating array of purposeful action. At the head of any list of basic material for New Jersey research must be placed the title under review. Such a study would of course be useful for any state—but it is particularly needed for New Jersey, where county and municipal boundaries have been changed with unusual frequency from the 17th century until 17 December 1965, with many changes of significance dating into the 1870s. Trenton, for example, has found itself in four different counties (Monmouth, Burlington, Hunterdon and Mercer) and three different townships (Hopewell, Ewing and Nottingham). Obviously, unless the exact location of a given community at a given time is not known, research is seriously hampered and even frustrated. Here are the answers. In 66 pages of double column text, the author treats the reader to a lucid exposition of the history of New Jersey as it relates to civil boundaries. Many complex matters are presented with' stunning clarity: the explanation (p. 65) of the date changes in 1752, for example, is a gem. Mr. Snyder also lists and quotes here the laws and court orders relating to county and municipal boundaries. The main part of the book is taken up with an analysis, county by county, and within each county, by municipality, of each boundary change, with date, and one or more map references. The maps, at least one for each county, were especially drawn for this publication, and like the text area model of clarity. In addition to county maps, there are a number of state maps, reproductions of 17th century grants and deeds, an excellent list of references and bibliography (which functions also, as the footnotes), and an index. There is an endless amount of fascinating information here, from the 1664 petition by English settlers on Long Island to settle in "Albania," the name then applied by the local The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine 92 English, to the current status of Sussex County as the least populous county, after having been the most populous in 1800 and 1820. With disarming modesty, Mr. Snyder remarks, "This is hardly a book to cuddle up with." Maybe so—but it is a book to cherish, to refer to for every New Jersey problem, and to be eternally grateful for. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. Genealogical Register of Plymouth Families. By William T. Davis. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1975. [Reprint of Part Two of Ancient Landmarks of Plymouth, 1899.] 363 p. $15.00.) The first part of this volume to a large degree duplicates the Plymouth material in Savage's Genealogical Dictionary; it consumes 295 pages of the book, and relates to the 17th century, with entries alphabetically arranged by surname. The second and much smaller part of the book was apparently to have been devoted to the later periods, but Mr. Davis has, however, included in it material of the 17th century omitted in Part I, or else corrections of such material, for example the entries on Anthony Annable and William Bassett II, which are totally of the earlier period. After reaching the alphabetical end of this section, on page 354, there is additional material omitted in the first two parts, notes on various subjects plus additional data on the families of Sandys and Brewster, and yet seven more lines of corrigenda on the final page. Since there is no index, this is not the easiest book to use, and many will wonder whether it is worth the trouble. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. Hopewell Friends History 1734-1934, Frederick County, Virginia. Records of Hopewell Monthly Meeting and Meetings Reporting to Hopewell (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1975. [Reprint of 1936 edition.] vii, 671 p. Illustrations, index. $25.00.) This valuable work is in three parts. Part I, pages 1-234, provides a rather detailed history of this important Quaker Meeting. Part II, pages 235-552, is an abstract of the records, how complete we are not told, but certainly an important part, if not all. We find not only the names of bride and groom in the marriage certificates, but full lists of all witnesses (167 pages), summaries of certificates of membership and removal (57 pages), group family records (33 pages), disownments (23 pages), reinstatements (I page), and assorted records (10 pages). These are followed by excerpts from other meetings related to Hopewell, including the Pennsylvania meetings of Buckingham, Concord, Gwynedd, Sadsbury and Richland, and of Kingwood, N.J., and New Garden, N.C. (9 pages). The section ends with a table of dates— a chronology of the Friends from the birth of George Fox to 1935 at Hopewell. Part III is a very complete index, of 115 pages. The publisher has performed a signal service in making this volume available once more. WALTER LEE SHEPPARD, JR. 93 Book Reviews Presbyterians on Delmarva.. The History of the New Castle Presbytery. By James H. Lappen. (Salisbury, Md.: Wicomico Presbyterian Church, 1972. i, 75 p. Illustrations. $3.25.) Based almost entirely on the recorded minutes of the Presbyteries of the New Castle area, this account brings to fascinating life the history of the churches in Delaware and the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The author begins his story with an "Opinion" of the Grand Jury of Somerset County, Maryland, 12 March 1672, from which the Presbyterian Churches trace their beginnings in Somerset, Wicomico and Worcester Counties, Maryland, and concludes with events in 1972, when the Presbytery had its first ordained husband and wife. The early chapters, dealing with the colonial period, are particularly rich in names of members, and in human and genealogical interest, and the entire account is recommended for a fuller understanding of the religious and social background of the area. Available from the author at 522 S. Alabama Avenue, Salisbury, MD 21801. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. Minutes of the Governor's Privy Council, 1777-1789. New Jersey Archives, Third Series, Vol. 1. Ed. by David A. Bernstein. (Trenton: New Jersey State Library, 1974. xi, 306. Index. $10.00.) As part of its Bicentennial celebration, the State of New Jersey has resumed its Archives publishing program (after a lapse of 25 years) with subject volume. This material, unknown until 1950, is now published for the first time, and gives valuable insights into New Jersey's confronting the many crises of the Revolutionary War era. Primarily historical and political in content, the volume is valuable genealogically for the editor's careful identification (through extensive footnotes) of the members of the Privy Council, all of whom are listed, by county and dates, in an appendix. New Jersey is to be commended for resuming this series; future volumes will include material covering New Jersey's colonial and early history, and will be awaited with great interest. Other states—please take notice! EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR. New Jersey Historical Profiles—Revolutionary Times. By Stewart Hoagland. (Somerville, NJ.: Somerset Press, 1973. xi, 141. Illustrations, maps, index. $7.00; $3.50.) The material in this collection of short articles, reprinted from the Somerset, N.J., Messenger-Gazette, is chiefly biographical and historical, although some genealogical information is included. Twenty persons are sketched, including Martha Washington, hostess during three New Jersey winters, and Alexander Hamilton. Most of the persons are shown in contemporary portraits—many of these from the collection of the Independence National Historical Park, now displayed at the Portrait Gallery in the former Second United States Bank, Philadelphia. One such portrait is that of John Hart, Signer, which subsequent scholarship has rejected as fraudulent (see Cleon E. Hammond, "John Hart, Signer: Falsely Portrayed Patriot," New Jersey History, XCII, 3 (1974), 133-146). The index is defective: in the nine pages on Aaron Burr, seven names mentioned therein are not in the index, and three pagination errors were noted. EFFINGHAM P. HUMPHREY, JR.