Book Reviews

Book Reviews Our Children's Lloyd Ancestors, 1650-1991: Three Hundred Years ofFamily History. By Ralph Waldo Lloyd, completed and with a Foreword by Mark Frazier Lloyd. Privately published, Philadelphia, 1992. voc plus 330 pp., index, maps, illus., cloth. (Privately distributed). Good genealogy has always placed the family under study in a historical context, and this history of eight generations of the Lloyd family is no exception. The book is the culmination of sixty years of research on the part of the author, Ralph Waldo Lloyd. It was completed with the assistance of his grandson, Mark Frazier Lloyd, director of the University Archives at the University of Pennsylvania, who saw the project through to publication after his grandfather's death in 1986. The narrative begins with John Lloyd, a Quaker preacher and glovemaker from Disserth, Radnorshire, Wales, who, in 1682 bought the rights to one hundred acres of land in the Welsh Tract, west of Philadelphia, but never immigrated to Pennsylvania, and with his son, Thomas, who arrived in the colony in the early 1700s. The family is traced through colonial Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century and the Northwest Territory (Ohio) in the early nineteenth century to an Indian reservation in pioneer Utah at the beginning of the twentieth century, where Henry Baldwin Lloyd (1869-1931), the author's father, served as a physician in government service. The author himself had a wide-ranging career as a Presbyterian clergyman, college president, and president of the World Presbr terian Alliance. The truly significant feature of this volume, however, is that it not only places the family members in the context of the events of their day, but also it attempts to interpret the meaning of those events for the individual Lloyds. Having compiled a basis of facts about his ancestors, the author, prodded by his grandson, then asked of those facts such historical-interpretive questions as: What was the appeal of Quakerism for the family patriarch John Lloyd of Radnorshire, and what might have prompted him to purchase land three thousand mites away in the midst of a wilderness?; what effect did changing Quaker beliefs and practices have on the 161 162 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine religious life of the family?; and how could a family that was ardently Quaker for seven generations become just as ardently Presbyterian in the eighth generation? By asking such questions, the author treats the ancestral Lloyds not as sacrosanct icons but as subjects of historical inquiry. In the process, the book demonstraws the value for serious genealogists of a familiarity with the applicable historical literature (in the case of the Lloyds, for example, J. William Frost's The Quaker Family in Colonial America [1973]). This melding of a historical approach with competent genealogy is the outstanding achievement of the book. The book consists of nine chapters and seven appendices. The author himself referred to the first five chapters as "historical," in that they dealt with people with whom he was not personally acquainted. These chapters are based on solid research in primary sources, much of it carried out by Mark Lloyd acting as agent for his grandfather. The source references are internal, that is, placed within the text, rather than in notes (see, for example, pages 6-7, 71). Chapters six through eight (the last having been updated to 1991, after Ralph Lloyd's death) are based on the author's personal experience and papers, and are thus largely autobiographical. The author's prose style is lively, no doubt honed through years of preparing sermons, and, on the whole, Ralph Lloyd's life experiences, from his youth on the Indian reservation in Utah where his father was a government doctor to his retirement in Florida, make for interesting and entertaining reading. For the benefit of future generations of Lloyds, however, the lack of documentation in these two chapters seems regrettable. Chapter nine consists of eulogies for Ralph Waldo Lloyd and his wife Margaret Andersen Bell Lloyd. The first five appendices are transcriptions of primary source documents, while the final two are, respectively, tributes to Glen Alfred Lloyd (a younger brother of Ralph Lloyd) and a transcript of an interview with Carl Stanton Lloyd (also a younger brother of Ralph Lloyd) by Mark Lloyd. The book is illustrated with family photographs and pictures of homes, meetinghouses, and churches with which the Lloyds were associated. Especially noteworthy are the excellent maps, specially prepared for the volume, that locate Lloyd property holdings in Philadelphia; Moreland and Gwynedd townships, Montgomery County; and the town of Catawissa and Franklin Township} Columbia County, Pennsylvania; and in Belmont County, Ohio, in relation Book Reviews 163 to present-day geographic features. The endpapers contain simplified charts of descent, a welcome feature in an eight-generation family study such as this, where the cast of characters can easily become confused. A misatiribution, in the foreword, of the collections of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania is virtually the only sour note in an otherwise thoroughly admirable volume. Jeffrey L. Scheib The 1693 Census of the Swedes on the Delaware: Family Histories of the Swedish Lutheran Church Members Residing in Pennsylvania, Delaware, West New, jersey, and Cecil County, Md., 1638-1693. By Peter Stebbins Craig. SAG Publications, Winter Park, Florida, 1993, ix plus 213 pp., index, maps, cloth. $37.50 plus $2.50 shipping. Peter Stebbins Craig, fellow of the American Society of Genealogists and of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, of which he is also a director, is the foremost scholar of the settlers of New Sweden on the Delaware River and their colonial American descendants. In The 1693 Census of the Swedes on the Delaware, he has brought his years of research on the Swedish colonists to bear on what he terms, "the most frequently copied 17th century document relating to the history of the Delaware River valley." The census of the Swedish settlers living in the Delaware Valley was most likely compiled by Charles Springer of New Castle County, Delaware. It was sent in company with a letter, dated 31 May 1693 and signed by 30 members of the congregations of the Swedish churches at Wicaco (Gloria Dei) and Crane Hook, to Johan Thelin, the postmaster at Gothenburg, Sweden. The signers entreated Thelin's assistance in obtaining ministers and religious books from Sweden for their churches. Beginning with the Rev. Andreas Rudman, one of the pastors sent from Sweden in response to the letter, the census was copied, recopied, published, and republished (often in a badly mangled form) several times in the next three hundred years. (Craig does not mention notes on some of these Swedish families published by Gregory B. Keen in the second volume of the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography in 1878, pp. 224-28, nor is the relationship of Keen's notes to the census immediately apparent) 164 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine In contrast to the earlier published versions of the census, all of which are traceable to Pastor Rudman's copy, Craig's work is based on the original, housed in the Swedish National Archives in Stockholm. A copy of the original document was obtained by Dr. Richard H. Huhn of Arlington, Virginia. The discussion, on p. 17, of the circumstances of the transcription is disappointingly vague, but evidently Dr. Hulan made the transcription from which Craig worked. This reviewer, from his own experience with the 1693 provincial tax list for New Castle County, published in this journal in 1991, is well aware of the potential pitfalls in transcribing documents that are primarily long lists of names. Thus, it might have been advisable for Craig to state specifically who made the transcription, whether the work was done from microfilm or a full-size photocopy, and whether (and by whom) the transcription was checked. Nevertheless, this lack of specificity regarding the transcription really does not detract from the overall value of the work, which should be regarded as definitive. The book begins with a Foreward by C. A. Weslager, the author of numerous works on the early colonial Delaware Valley. After providing a summary history of the Swedish settlements on the Delaware, Craig discusses the history of the census itself. The introductory material is illustrated by two beautifully-drawn maps showing the geographic areas served by the two Swedish churches. Six chapters then describe the individuals listed in the census and their families. An appendix contains transcriptions of four letters sent from the Delaware Valley to Sweden in 1693. The volume concludes with a list of frequently used abbreviations, a bibliography, and separate indexes of place and personal names. Extensive documentation is provided in footnotes. As Professor Weslager notes in his Foreward, Peter Craig did not limit himself to tracing only the descendants of Peter jochimson, his own progenitor among the Swedish colonists. Instead, he set about gathering all the information he could find on all the immigrant Swedish families. By identifying the families of the householders listed in the census, he has done nothing less than reconstruct the community of "Antient Sweeds" in the Delaware Valley. By doing this important groundwork, Craig has paved the way for potential future studies of this community of pioneer settlers as a community. He has thus performed a valuable service for anyone working in the history or the genealogy of early Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey. Book Reviews 165 The brief family histories included in the volume were originally published in a series of articles in the Swedish American Genealogist from 1989 through 1992. Additional, new material was added for republication in book form. Jeffrey L. Scheib Colonial Delaware Records, 16814713. Edited by Bruce A. Bendier. Family Line Publications, Westminster, Md., 1992. viii plus 77 pp., index, paper. $7.00. Early colonial Delaware was long neglected as a field of study by historians who concentrated on New England and the Chesapeake region. As a result, scholars working in the early history and genealogy of the First State can still enjoy the thrill of discovering primary source material tucked away unknown or not in the collections of various repositories. In ColonialDelaware Records, 1681-1713, Bruce A. Bendier offers historians and genealogists a selection of such neglected gems from the collection of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (MP). Bendier begins his book with a brief preface in which he gives general locations, rather than specific citations, of the documents presented to the reader. He also acknowledges his permission from the HSP to publish these documents from its collection. A brief introduction then precedes rent rolls for Kent and Sussex counties, dated 1681-1688; the 1693 provincial tax lists for all three of the Delaware counties; and quitrent rolls for Kent County, dated Ca. 1701-1713, and Sussex County, dated 1702-1713. A name index concludes the book. Of the material presented here, only the Kent and Sussex quitrent rolls apparently have not been previously published. The originals of those rolls are located in a volume of quitrent records for the Three Lower Counties in the James Logan Papers at the HSP. The Kent and Sussex rent rolls, located in Penn Accounts, Large Folio, 1:5, HSP, were included in the composite rent roll published in volume three of the Papers of William Penn (pp. 679-737); to give Bendier credit where it is due, he includes the names of the various estates, information that was excluded from the version in the Papers of William Penn. The 1693 provincial tax lists, found in Miscellaneous Papers, 1655-1805, Three Lower Coun-i 166 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine ties, Delaware, AM 423, HSP, were first published by this reviewer in this journal (37, no. 1 [1991]: 1-32). As the editor and transcriber of the 1693 tax lists as published in this magazine, this reviewer is obviously not an impartial critic of Bendler's work. Having found it necessary, however, to publish a correction to his own work (37, no. 2 [1991]: 192-94), he endeavored to ignore his annoyance at an independent publication of a document that he had already published and to approach Bendler's work on the provincial tax lists with an open mind. Having done so, this reviewer still finds serious problems with Bendler's work. It is very easy to omit names accidentally (and Bendier omits several) when transcribing documents such as the tax lists, and honest transcribers may disagree over the interpretation of a specimen of seventeenth-century handwriting. Neverthe~ less, other errors remain to negate the reliability of the book. There is no heading to indicate that the New Castle County tax list begins with the taxpayers of New Casde proper and Christiana Precinct The heading on page 16 indicating the taxpayers who lived between Brandywine and Naaman's creeks in New Castle County is seriously misplaced; it should precede the listing for John Vanderveer on page 15. The Christiana Precinct heading on page 15 is superfluous. There are also several omissions from the Kent and Sussex lists. Moreover, there is nothing to tell the reader whether the dates as presented are as in the original records, and thus almost certainly Old Style, or whether they have been rendered into New Style. This reviewer has not attempted a close examination of Bendier's work on the rent rolls and quitrent rolls. In reviewing Bruce Bendler's previous endeavor, Colonial Delaware Assemblymen, 1682-1776, for this magazine (36, no. 3 [19901: 25156), this reviewer recognized Bendler's obvious love for and fascination with the history and genealogy of early colonial Delaware. By the same token, only someone who really enjoys working in the early records of the First State would undertake a project such as Colonial Delaware Reconis. Nevertheless, the same holds true with this book as with Colonial Delaware Assemblymen: If the hook is used at all, it should be used only as a rudimentary guide to the records, and nothing should be used from it without independent verificam don. Jeffrey L. Scheib Book Reviews 167 ices in America from Christ's Hospital, London, 161 7-1 778. Child A By Peter Wilson Coldham. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1990. 164 pp., index, cloth. $21.50 plus $2.50 shipping. Legitimate children of freemen of the City of London, over four years of age and free from obvious infirmity, who had been orphaned or made homeless by impecunious parents, could be educated and prepared either for entrance to a university or apprenticeship to a trade in Christ's Hospital, which was not a hospital in the contemporary sense. From the late 17th century, up to 150 children were admitted annually to this school on the recommendation of their parishes, and an additional 90 or so by way of charitable endowments. As early as 1617, and continuing through the period of the American War of Independence, large numbers of these students took "articles" and left England to serve apprenticeships in America. Beginning with Christ's Hospital students who wer apprenticed to the Virginia Company in 1617, approximately 1,000 children were so apprenticed. The Children's Registers housed in the manuscript department of the London Guildhall (Aldermanbury, London) have been extracted by Oldham. Each entry appears in the same chronological order as in the original Register, but in an abbreviated form. Given is the name of the child, date of birth or baptism, date of admission, native parish, name and occupation of his father, date of discharge, name of person to whom apprenticed, and the place in America where he served his apprenticeship. Included is an every-name index. The records of Christ's Hospital, many complete from the time of its founding, are well-written, well-preserved, and indexed. These Children's Registers are the principal source for this book, but because Coldham has not included the information in its entirety the originals should also be consulted for any name of interest to the researcher. This is an easy-to-use publication. Coldham deserves our thanks for his efforts in bringing these children out of obscurity and into our family lines! Jane Adams Clarke 168 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Pennsylvania Births, Northampton County, 1733-1800. By John T. Humphrey. Gateway Press, Inc., Baltimore, 1991. vi plus 248 pp., map, acid-free paper, clothbound. $28.00 postpaid. Pennsylvania Births, Lehigh County, 1734-1800. By John T. Humphrey. Humphrey Publications, Washington, D.C., 1992. viii plus 327 pp., map, add-free paper, clothbound. $32.50 postpaid. Pennsylvania Births, Montgomery County, 1672-1800. By John T. Hum phrey. Humphrey Publications, Washington, D.C., 1993, viii plus 536 pp., map, acid-free paper, clothbound, $42.50 postpaid. Pennsylvania Births, Bucks County, 1682-1800. By John T. Humphrey. Humphrey Publications, Washington, D.C., 1993, viii plus 352 pp., map, acid-five paper, clothbound. $34.00 postpaid. Northampton County was settled about 1730. In 1752, this county was created from Bucks County. The geographic area used to define this work is Northampton County as it existed in 1991, and does not include early church records for Lehigh, Carbon, or Monroe Counties, which areas were part of Northampton County in 1752. Fourteen church records were used in this study, which includes over 7,000 recorded births. Lehigh County was settled ca. 1730 but was established in 1812, when it was formed from Northampton County, which had been formed from Bucks County in 1752. Twenty-eight church records were consulted for this volume; birth records for Lehigh County number more than 11,000. Settlement in Montgomery County began shortly after 1682. From 1681 to 1784, when Montgomery County was established, the original settlers were residents of Philadelphia County. Twentyeight church and church-related records were consulted for this work. The Montgomery County volume contains over 18,000 birth records. Bucks County, one of the original Pennsylvania counties, was formed in 1682. Twenty-one church records and one personal journal were consulted for the more than 12,000 births listed in this fourth volume of Pennsylvania Births.. The birth records in all books of this series are arranged alphabetically by surname. Each entry lists the name of the infant, Book Reviews 169 the date of birth, the name of the father, the mother, and the source where that information can be found. In some cases, a baptismal date is provided where a birth date was not given in the original record. Information was obtained from sources in various libraries and repositories. Books such as these, providing birth information from many sources arranged in alphabetical order by surname, are always helpful in locating families. However, as Mr. Humphrey points out, it is essential that the original records or sources used by him be checked because additional information may appear. In these publications, for instance, baptismal sponsors---which can be important in establishing relationships—ere not given. Other information, such as the history of the churches and congregations, helpful in the search for ancestors, is omitted because of space limitations. All books in this series of Pennsylvania Births are available from John T. Humphrey, P.O. Box 15190, Washington, D.C. 20003. Jane Adams Clarke American Wi lls and Administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbwy, 16104857. Compiled by Peter Wilson Coldharn. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1989. 3pcxi plus 416 pp, incl. index, cloth. $30.00 plus $2.50 shipping. The Prerogative Court of Canterbury (PCC) had jurisdiction in most matters of probate affecting the personal estates of English subjects dying overseas. In this book, entries from the Probate Act Books and Administration Act Books have been abstracted only when, from the original wording, it was possible to establish that the deceased or his relatives had some connection with mainland America. Numerous copies, abstracts, and indices of these PCC records have previously appeared in print. The present work is an outgrowth of an earlier collection of PCC abstracts published under the title English Estates of American Colonists. The original three volumes published in 1980-81 have been revised, augmented, and consolidated into a single volume which claims to be comprehensive through 1857, when PCC jurisdiction with respect to persons dying abroad with estates in England absolutely ceased. 170 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine The abstracts are arranged in alphabetical order by name of the deceased. Each abstract contains, in addition to the name of the testator or intestate, a reference to his marital status, place of death, former place of residence, date of probate or administration, names of executors or administrators, and the names and relationships of family members. Jane Adams Clarke Scottish Family Ilistoiy. By David Moody. Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1990. 219 pp., index, cloth. $19.95 plus shipping. Drawing on his experience as a local history librarian in the East Lothian district of Scotland, Moody examines the Scottish family in the context of the great movements of local history. Trades, professions, religions, clans and surnames, migration and emigration, labor and industry, kin and community are each dealt with as it relates to family history. Parlimentary reports, memoirs, kirk session minutes, and many other forms of documentary evidence are examined in the text and listed in a fully annotated bibliography. Various techniques for exploring a Scottish family are discussed. Areas in need of further research are suggested. As well as being a manual for the researcher, this study is itself a history of the family as it has developed in Scotland from the clans to the present. Moody provides the background necessary for the family historian to pursue his own research. This volume is scholarly and readable. Jane Adams Clarke Scottish Local History. By David Moody. Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1990. 178 pp., index, cloth. $19.95 plus shipping. Following an introductury chapter on Scottish local history in general and on basic study techniques, two chapters cover in detail the records available in public libraries and record offices and how to use them. Three chapters demonstrate the methodology of local history by investigating the major themes of the individual in the community, buildings, and settlement studies-the history of vil- Book Reviews 171 lager, towns and parishes. The final chapter deals with writing and publishing results. Included is an appendix setting out the development of local government functions from 1832 to 1975, and detailed information on further reading and sources of reference. Instruction is provided for about sources and techniques necessary for this type of research. Included, too, are the conventional sources of genealogical information, such as church records, memoirs, and government records. This book is a must for those researching their Scottish roots. Dr. Louis Marks, a Scottish research expert, aptly describes these two books by David Moody as the "first fresh approach to Scottish family and local history," noting that these two volumes do not duplicate any other material published on this subject. Jane Adams Clarke The Palatine Families of Ireland, Second Edition. By Henry Z Jones, jr. Picton Press, Camden, Maine, 1990. 166 pp., index, acid-free paper, cloth-bound. $37.50 plus shipping. In his books The Palatine Families of New York, 1710 (volumes I and II) and More Palatine Families, Jones has documented many of the families that left war-ravished Europe for England in 1709, most of whom eventually settled in New York State, and from there scattered to Pennsylvania and other surrounding areas. This second edition of The Palatine Families of Ireland, as does the first edition, deals with those Palatines who remained in the British Isles and settled in Ireland. Jones documents 172 different surnames in his most recent volume. An added bonus for 33 of the families is the establishment of their German ancestry making that vital but difficult link back into Germany. Many children and grandchildren of the 1710 settlers moved later in the 18th century to Canada and America. Many of these Germanic names now sound "Irish" and descendants may be unaware of their German heritage. Some of the names included are Ball, Barkloitne, Berkman, Benner, Crowe, Danner, Heavenor, Hornick, Legear, Hess, Hibler, Mace, Meyer, Poole, Rode, and Tyse, all with many spelling variations. There were many causes for the great exodus of 1709 from the Palatinate in present-day Germany. The introduction to Jones's 172 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine current book, as well as his other books on the subject, gives the historical background of this migration. An Addendum to the current volume includes undocumented "possible" Palatine families in Ireland. This edition also contains hints for its use, a bibliography, and an every-name index. Since so many of these Palatines so completely integrated themselves into the Irish psyche, this book is an important contribution to a difficult subject Jane Adams Clarke Kinship: It's All Relative. By Jackie Smith Arnold. Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, Md., 1990. 66 pp., charts, paper. $6.95 plus shipping. If you have not as yet learned about degree of your blood relationship to your cousins of varied degree, this is the book for you. The seven chapter titles are: "The Beginnings of Kinship," "Kinship Groups," "Kinship and Your Health," "Kinship and Children" (sub-headings within this chapter are: Relationships of orphans, foster children, and foundlings; Bastards; Claims of Kinship; and Caring for the Children), 'Tracing your Family Tree," and "Kinship and the Future." Charts showing relationships are in in this volume to illustrate and clarify Arnold's narrative. Light reading, but not particularly illuminating. Jane Adams Clarke American Passenger Arrival Records. By Michael Tepper. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1993. (orig. pub!. 1988). 142 pp., cloth. $19.95 plus shipping. This book focuses attention on the records that detail the arrival of European immigrants in America, and guides the reader to these archival resources that document the most sustained migration in world history. These records include shipboard passenger lists of the Colonial period, Customs Passenger Lists for the years between 1800 and 1890, and Immigration Passenger Lists from that time until the middle of the twentieth century. First published in 1988, this updated and enlarged edition features expanded coverage on the following topics: colonial emi- Book Reviews 173 gration records, finding aids and reference materials, National Archives microfilm programs and publications, current projects and new developments in immigration research, books and periodicals, and changes in locations of archives and documents. Those who own the first edition of this work may find that it is not absolutely essential to buy the new edition; however, for those who need to be abreast of the latest developments in the field, it is a must. Tepper's book will appeal to the merely curious, the family-tree investigator, and the historian. A job well done. John A. Baird, jr. German Pioneer Life: A Social History. Edited by Don Heinrich Tolzmann. Heritage Books, Inc., Bowie, Md., 1992. 286 pp., paper, illus., index. $22.00 plus $3.00 shipping. This first-time combining of classic articles about Pennsylvania settlers of German ancestry provides an effective treatment of this subject for contemporary readers of early American history. It comes in two parts. The first section features Benjamin Rush's article, "An Account of the Manners of the German Inhabitants of Pennsylvania." It includes extensive notes by I. Daniel Rupp and contains an index. The second section presents "The Domestic Life and Characteristics of the PennsylvaniaCerman Pioneer: A Narrative and Critical History" by F. J. P. Schantz. The Rush article emphasizes historical events and general traits of German farmers, mechanics, and merchants. The Shantz narrative concentrates upon the domestic life of the early German pioneers in Pennsylvania with descriptions of wearing apparel, household pets and farm animals, as well as religious beliefs. Life for the elderly is also mentioned. The book concludes with Christopher Dock's "One Hundred Necessary Rules of Conduct for Children." While the language of these admonitions may seem dated, their observance today would certainly benefit both young people and society at large. This is an absorbing review of the lives of these hardy pioneers who contributed much to early Pennsylvania history. John A. Baird, jr. 174 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Cape Cod Library of Local History and Genealogy. By Leonard H. Smith, jr. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1992. 2 vols. 2,052 pp., index, maps, illus., cloth. $125.00 plus $4.00 shipping. Leonard H. Smith took ten years to consolidate a collection of 108 pamphlets, published at Yarmouthport in the early part of this century, about Cape Cod places and people. The result is a reference work that will not only interest the general reader, but will be of great help to genealogists in the difficult task of tracing Cape Cod families. Most of the pamphlets date from the 19114914 period. Two were written in the 1940s. A few are undated. They vary in length from one to more than fifty pages. The first volume begins with an article called "Cape Cod Byways" and contains other pamphlets on varied topics. The reader will also find information about such subjects as glass-making in Sandwich and the Farris Mill in South Yarmouth. The book's central thrust, however, is upon people. Some are treated as groups: by occupation, in the case of the Barnstable sea captains; by geography, with "Early Chatham Settlers." For the most part, the emphasis is upon individual families. In some cases, narrative prevails, as with accounts of the Revolutionary War service of Ansel Taylor and George Webb. Many accounts appear as unadorned genealogical records of births, marriages, and deaths from one generation to the next, but some of the statistics are flavored with brief comments such as "lost at sea" or "lost life by fall from salt mill." Picturesque children's names such as "Merry," `Temperance," and "Thankful" punctuate the chronological routine. The mystique of family history keeping and tracing finds expression in a persuasive pamphlet entitled "A Genealogist's Letter-Book," which features the correspondence of one Amos Otis relative to Colonial ancestry. Highly recommended. John A. Baird, jr. Nova Scotia Immigrants to 1867. Compiled by Leonard H. Smith, Jr., C. G. and Norma H. Smith. Genealogical Publishing Co.Inc., Baltimore, 1992. 560 pp. $37.50 plus $2.50 shipping. In New England census records there are many references to a parent having been born in Nova Scotia. Tracing that ancestry Book Reviews 175 can be difficult, but one effective way is through records of immigration to Nova Scotia. Such records are widely scattered, however, and there is no collection of records identifying immigrants to Nova Scotia before 1867, when the Dominion of Canada was established. The compilers used a wide range of sources to identify many early immigrants to createNova Scotia Immigrants to 1867—a large index to early immigrants to Nova Scotia. The work contains two parts. The first is an index of immigrants as found in manjuscript sources located in Halifax, Fredericton, Ottawa, Boston, and in Europe. The second is an index of immigrants as found in Nova Scotia periodicals. All sources in both parts are cited, and all pertinent data are abstracted for each entry. Each part has a list of immigrant vessels with the date (when known) and the source reference number. The Smiths are to be commended for providing a very comprehensive sourcebook on immigrants to Nova Scotia. It is also a valuable tool for the New England genealogical researchers. Douglas A. Weeny Mayflower Births and Deaths. By Susan E. Rorer. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1992. 2 vols. 525 and 548 pp., index, cloth. $75.00 plus $3.00 shipping. As with the companion volume Mayflower Marriages, the complete title of this two-volume work describes accurately its scope: Mayflower Births and Deaths From the Files of George Ernest Bowman at the Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants. Now with this work, a genealogists has the vital records, marriage, birth, and death of the descendants of the Mayflower passengers as they are found in the Bowman Files. With references to approximately 50,000 Mayflower relations, this work contains records of births and baptisms, deaths and burials from the Bowman Files, as well as references to burial location, cause of death, and address at death, which were found in wills, deeds, church, and court records. The format follows the one used in Mayflower Marriages, the records are arranged by Mayflower family, and most lines are carried to the seventh or eighth generation. Numerous footnotes list the sources used to expand the data found in the text. Also, at the end of each family section, there is a reference guide to 176 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine articles that have appeared in the Mayflower Descendant and The Mayflower Quarterly. Each volume is fully indexed. Mrs. Racer is to be highly commended for the excellent job that she has done in bringing these birth and death records to the researcher. Douglas A. fenny Finding Italian Roots: The Complete Guide for Americans. By John Philip Colletta, Ph.D. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1993. 128 pp., paper. $11.95 plus $3.00 shipping. Researchers interested in Italian ancestors often find themselves needing to use records in Italy in just a few generations, since emigradon to the United States in large numbers did not begin until the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The author has turned his own experiences with Italian research into a very informative and wellwritten guide for others. The first step is to know three basic facts about the ancestor: full original name, approximate date of birth, and town of birth. Records to search for this information--such as passenger lists, naturalization papers, and cemetery inscriptions—are discussed. Only after exhausting sources at home does Colletta recommend turning to Italian records. He explores both civil and religious repositories in Italy, explaining the organization and records found at each location. One chapter deals with libraries and another offers practical suggestions, gleaned from the author's own trips, to get the most from the records. Colletta's work is well illustrated with documents, many from his own family, and with maps. On the theory that a researcher will need to master some basic Italian terms, the ones used in the text are translated, but only once. The glossary presents Italian terms by group, such as family or civil terms. The bibliography is a useful addition, while the absence of an index may be the book's only drawback. Finding Italian Roots is sure to help all those engaged in Italian research. Those new to the subject will find it an exceptional research aid. Kay Haviland Freilich Book Reviews 177 Books in Brief Reviewed by Jane Adams Clarke (JAC) Sandra M. Hewlett (SMH) Robert Emmet O'Connor (REO) Caroline Sparks (CS) Pioneers of Massachusetts, A Descriptive List, Drawn from Records of the Colonies, Towns and Churches, and Other Contemporaneous Documents. By Charles Henry Pope. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1991 (orig. publ. 1900, reprinted 1965, 1969, 1977, 1981, 1986). 550 pp. incl. index, acid free paper, cloth. $35.00 plus $2.50 shipping. That this book is valuable to anyone researching New England ancestry is demonstrated by the fact that it hasnow been reprinted six times, not including its original publication in 1900. An alphabetical list of 5,000 early settlers and their families who were known to be in Massachusetts by 1650, this book is liberally sprinkled with source documentation, particularly will abstracts and deed references; and quite often the name of the ship that brought them to Massachusetts Bay is mentioned. The compiler made a list of the original manuscripts he consulted, such as Aspinwall's Notarial Records, Thomas Lechford's Notebook and Samuel Sewall's Diary, and listed them under the heading "Authorities Quoted" (nip.). Even though much of this information may be outdated, researchers will still find this an excellent resource. SMH The Hammatt Papers: Early Inhabitants of Ipswich, Massachusetts 1633 1700. By Abraham Hammatt. Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1991 (orig. publ. 1880, reprinted 1899 and 1980). 423 pp. plus index by Robert Barnes, acid-free paper, cloth. $30.00 plus $2.50 shipping. This manuscript, which covers several hundred early Ipswich residents through the first two or three generations, was originally published in seven parts from 1880-1899. In 1980, Genealogical Publishing Co. reprinted this work and added an index of 9,000 names; this current volume is a reprint of the 1980 book. Major 178 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine and minor Ipswich families are included with some family genealogies covering several pages and other as little as two lines. Documentation in the form of town and church records, cemetery records, wills, and deeds are mentioned, but no specific citations are presented. As with all works of this vintage it will serve well as a basic reference, but more current sources will need to be checked to verify this information. Some of the families included are: Addams, Bishop, Bradstreet, Chapman, Cobbett, Day, Denison, Dudley, Dutch, Emerson, Edwards, Farley, Firmin, Franklin, Goodhue, Hodgkins, Howlett, Hovey, Jewett, Mussey, Newrnarch, Osborne, Payne, Quilter, Rindge, Roper, Sutton, Symonds, Tuttle, Ward, and Wise. SMH Directory of Family Associations. Compiled by Elizabeth Petty Bentley. Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1993. vi plus 336 pp., paper. $29.95 plus shipping. This is an update of the 1991 edition, which has been reviewed in a previous issue. There are 5,087 organizations listed, and 6,239 cross references of variant spellings and related surnames. About 55 percent of the associations replied to the questionnaire that requested details for inclusion in the book, and these are marked with asterisks. 4 REO Abstracts of the Baltimore County Land Commissions, 1727-1762. Comm piled by Dr. Richard Miller. Family Line Publications, Westminster, Md., 1989. 64 pp., paper, index. $5.00 plus $2.00 shipping. This book contains Baltimore County Land Commission records abstracted by the late Dr. Richard Miller, who donated the product of his work to the Baltimore County Genealogical Society. The two bound volumes of the complete Land Commission records of Baltimore County from 1727 to 1762 can be found in the Maryland State Archives. JAC Book Reviews 179 Declarations of Intention for Naturalization, Santa Clara County, California. Compiled by Christin Rose, C.G., F.A.S.G. Rose Family Association, San Jose, Calif., 1990. 76 pp., paper, index. $9.50 plus $1.50 shipping. This booklet contains all the important information from these earliest Declarations, including date of declaration, to whom the applicant renounced allegiance, plus additional data—birth, arrival, etc. JAC Vital Records of Tisbury, Massachusetts to the Year 1850. Heritage Books, Inc., Bowie, Md., 1992 (orig. publ. 1910 by the New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, Mass.). 244 pp., paper. $19.00 plus $3.00 shipping. The town of Tisbury, Dukes County, Massachusetts, was established 1671. The vital records furnish births, marriages, and deaths from 1666 to 1850, presented chronologically. A one-page supplement from the NEGHS Register is also included. The choices by the printer for both type style and size make this reprint very readable. This is a helpful and reasonably priced book for those interested in this town. CS Revolutionary Patriots of Hagrord County, Maryland, 1775-1783. By Henry C. Peden, jr. Family Line Publications, Westminster, Md., 1991 (orig. publ. 1985). viii plus 270 pp., paper, index. $19.50 plus shipping. Research since this book was originally published has led to some changes and additions in this revised edition. The lists of patriots are arranged in alphabetical order; an every-surname index is included. History of the Town of Gloucester Cape Ann Including the Town of Rockport. By John J. Babson. Heritage Books, Inc., Bowie, Md., 1992 (orig. publ. 1860). 610 pp., index, paper. $35.00 plus $3.00 shipping. Reprint.