Identifying Loyalists on the Frontier, The Wyoming Valley Massacre

IDENTIFYING LOYALISTS ON THE FRONTIER THE WYOMING VALLEY MASSACRE Stephen C. Young, MA, AG * T hree years after the first shots of the American Revolution were fired, a brief, half-hour battle raged near the banks of the Susquehanna River on the fringes of the American frontier. On 3 July 1778 a combined force of Loyalist militia and Iroquois Indian warriors decisively defeated a significantly smaller Patriot force gathered to defend their homes and farms in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania, present day Wilkes-Barre. Over two hundred Patriot defenders were killed at the Battle of Wyoming that summer afternoon. Their losing effort eventually evolved into a seminal event in the local history of the Wyoming Valley, with the fallen assuming the identity of martyrs making the ultimate sacrifice in the birth of a nation.1 The Wyoming Massacre, as the battle is more often designated, became an emotional rallying point whose power increased rather than faded as the decades passed. Several local histories were produced recounting the details of the battle. Each account predictably credited the American rebels with the virtues of patriotism and selflessness. Equally predictable was the vilification of the Tories and their Indian allies. “To the Patriots their opponents were monsters who had crowned their betrayal of their country by committing the most abhorrent of all crimes, the loosing of savages on fellow white men.”2 The emotional aspects of published accounts and histories derives in no small part from the identity of some individuals in the Tory contingent. Many of the Tories in the assault party were former neighbors and fellow settlers in this region of Pennsylvania. The residents of the Wyoming Valley were isolated from civilization by hundreds of miles of forest and mountain; therefore, their enemies were almost as well known to * Stephen C. Young, 2564 E. Starling Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84121, is the Manager of Patron Services at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City. He is a descendant of the Loyalist Henry Windecker. This article is based in part on his Masters thesis at Bowling Green State University, “Loyalism along the East Branch of the Upper Susquehanna River, 1769—1784.” His other publications include “Alternate Genealogical and Historical Sources for Early LDS Families from Ontario,” Genealogical Journal 18(1990):5—16, and “The Battle and Massacre of Wyoming, Pennsylvania,” The Loyalist Gazette 29(1991):11—20. 1 Clement L. Valetta, “Ritual and Folklore in Pennsylvania’s Wyoming Region: Old to New World Wonder,” Pennsylvania Folklife 33(1983):6. 2 Dale Van Every, A Company of Heroes, The American Frontier 1775—1783 (New York: Quill, 1962), 101. Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 (2004) Final copy 26 March 2005 293 294 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 them as their friends. Personal contact between them–not always confrontational–was a frequent occurrence. The British regiment, known as Butler’s Rangers, was led by Major John Butler, a well-known Indian agent from the New York colony. Based at Niagara, this formidable military force ranged throughout the frontiers of New York and Pennsylvania, destroying settlements, taking prisoners, and subduing resistance to British authority. In late June 1778 these Rangers silently crept up on the valley, led there by white scouts familiar with the local terrain. What factors differentiated the Loyalists from the Patriots along the Susquehanna and motivated their choice of sides? HISTORIOGRAPHY Oscar Jewell Harvey, probably the most prolific chronicler of Wyoming Valley history, penned between 1909 and 1927 an exhaustive fourvolume production entitled A History of Wilkes-Barre.3 Of greatest benefit to family historians is the collection and inclusion of many manuscript materials in this published history. Canadian writers, like their American counterparts, have been aggressive in justifying the actions of their heroes, with the distinct difference that far less has been written on the subject of Loyalism. In 1965 one of Canada’s scholars pointed out that since its founding in 1922, the Canadian Historical Association had not sponsored one paper at their annual meeting that dealt with the Loyalists.4 This same historian maintained that the neglect occurred because the Loyalists spent the formative period of their lives in the American colonies and are therefore perceived as “officially part of American history.” The result is a strange impression of one group called American Tories vanishing into well-deserved oblivion, and another group known as United Empire Loyalists suddenly appearing in the Canadian wilderness clutching their Union Jacks. Another quantitative study of particular note is Wallace Brown’s investigation of those Loyalists who claimed compensation from the British government following the war.5 The 2,908 petitions generated by these Loyalist refugees provided ample information for this quantitative analysis. His approach was to divide the claimants into the thirteen colonies from which they originated. By doing this he hoped to draw conclusions about the nature of Loyalism in each specific colony as well as offering a 3 Oscar Jewell Harvey, A History of Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, 4 volumes (Wilkes-Barre: Raednar Press, 1909, 1927) [hereafter cited as Harvey, History of Wilkes-Barre]. 4 W. G. Shelton, “The United Empire Loyalists: A Reconsideration,” The Dalhousie Review 45(1965):5, 15n. There have been papers dealing with Loyalist land allotments. 5 Wallace Brown, The King’s Friends, The Composition and Motives of the American Loyalist Claimants (Providence: Brown University Press, 1965), vi [hereafter cited as Brown, King’s Friends]. Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 295 general conclusion. In particular his goal was to answer two fundamental questions: “Who were the Loyalists and why were they loyal?” From the evidence compiled from this source Brown determined such variables as national origin (ethnicity), year of immigration to the colonies, occupation, religion (when available), British military service during the Revolution, and a geographic distribution by county. Even more basic was the relative worth in property and income lost due to confiscation by the American Patriots during and after the contest.6 Brown was careful to stress that his conclusions about Loyalism were valid only for that segment of Loyalists represented as claimants.7 However, his analysis drew a critical response from the historical community. Some of his peers were quick to point out that the claims could only provide statistical accuracy regarding the amounts of compensation sought from the British commissioners. The most basic objection concerned the dependability of the claims records as a definitive source.8 Despite the merit of this criticism, His investigation has provided beneficial statistical evidence and conclusions about Loyalism. Brown’s work prompts an intriguing question especially appropriate to this present study. Noting that Tory representation in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, (simultaneously Westmoreland County, Connecticut) was significant, he stated: Loyalism in Pennsylvania, as reflected by the claims, was largely an eastern and in particular a southeastern phenomenon. The far west . . . had only nine, or less than 5 per cent, of the claimants. However, in central Pennsylvania, notably along the Susquehanna River in Northumberland County, a strong pocket of Loyalists is found with twenty-six, or more than 13.5 per cent of the claimants.9 The collection of Loyalists in the Wyoming region, then, represents an anomaly in the frontier of Pennsylvania. This article presents research conducted to discover and identify individually the Loyalists who lived in Westmoreland County during the Revolutionary War, which can help shed light on the reasons for this concentration. Contrary to the assertions of most of Wyoming’s early histories that the Loyalists of Westmoreland were a conspiratorial enclave of recentlysettled Tory henchmen, the data gathered for this study indicates that some had resided there for an extended period of time, probably moti6 Brown, King’s Friends, vi. 7 Brown further stated “However, the claimants are a useful and sometimes repre- sentative sample, and in the absence of conflicting evidence the conclusions made about them can frequently be cautiously extended to the Loyalists in general.” Brown, King’s Friends, vii. 8 Eugene R. Fingerhut, “Uses and Abuses of the American Loyalists’ Claims: A Critique of Quantitative Analyses,” William and Mary Quarterly 25 (1968):246, 250—56. He suggests that any conclusions regarding the wealth of the claimants was invalid since those Loyalists who made the claims could easily have under- or overstated their wealth, for a variety of logical reasons. 9 Brown, King’s Friends, 139. Final copy 26 March 2005 296 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 vated by the same domestic pursuits of establishing a home and livelihood that prompted the settlement of their Whig counterparts. Although many newcomers had settled along the river during 1776 and 1777, the entrenchment of Loyalists there had evolved over several years. The dramatic pre-Revolutionary history of this frontier region in Pennsylvania generated many records naming specific settlers during their earlier disagreements–always a treasure trove of information for modern genealogists. A brief account of that former controversy is in order here. Both the colony of Connecticut and the Penn family claimed possession of the Wyoming Valley and most of the northern half of present day Pennsylvania, based on conflicting interpretations of Crown deeds. This intercolonial contest, known as the Pennamite-Yankee War (1769—1775), developed into a very personal struggle between the antagonists. Settlement was initiated and residence established in the valley by both the Pennamites of Pennsylvania and the Yankees of Connecticut. The repeated forced displacement of each party from their homes escalated in violence that resulted in bloodshed and understandably generated focused hatred between the participants. Although the New Englanders predominated in this struggle, the rancor existing between the rivals, fueled by continued aggression, is thought to have influenced these settlers in the impending Revolutionary War. Most of Major John Butler’s Pennsylvania recruits for his corps of Rangers resided on the east branch of the Susquehanna River, north of the more closely settled townships in the Wyoming Valley, which were Patriot in sympathy. Some historians, such as Ousterhout in A State Divided,10 have presented theories that the upriver Loyalist families were Pennamites and that the roots of the 1778 Wyoming Valley battle lay in the Pennamite-Yankee War of the previous decade. The quantitative evidence of their identity presented below concludes, to the contrary, that few genuine Pennamites associated with the Loyalists upriver. Those joining the Loyalist regiments were also either former Yankee collaborators in the Pennamite-Yankee War or newcomers who settled upriver after that conflict was over, including several large families of recent German or Holland origin. This latter element, the newcomers, held little, if any, sympathy with either Connecticut’s or Pennsylvania’s claims of jurisdiction in this region. The populations of both camps were clearly ethnically different. The Susquehannah Company townships in the Wyoming Valley were predominantly settled by families of New England (Connecticut) stock, while the upper settlements were comprised of people foreign-born or of more recent foreign derivations. Specifically, 34 of the 131 Loyalists (26%) were either foreign born or sons of foreign-born men. 10 Anne M. Ousterhout, “Frontier Allies: Indians and Tories,” in A State Divided, Opposition in Pennsylvania to the American Revolution, Contributions in American History, Number 123 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1987), 229—78. Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 297 TOOLS FOR IDENTIFYING THE LOYALISTS Rather than considering the practical or ideological motivations of the Loyalists of Westmoreland County, Connecticut, this article focuses on the strategy of consulting eighteenth-century published and manuscript materials, including tax lists, military rolls, the Susquehannah Company papers, and local narrative accounts to identify resident Loyalists. The Susquehannah Company of Connecticut preserved many lists enumerating the people of the Wyoming settlements. Local records of the county of Westmoreland provide corroborative information of the great majority of land owners within its bounds. The most definitive records of those living in Westmoreland County during this early period are the Susquehannah Company tax lists. Those from August 1776, from 1777, and from November 1778 provide definitive evidence of the place of residence of Wyoming Valley Loyalists.11 Of the 479 men assessed taxes by the State of Connecticut in 1776, forty-two have been identified as Loyalists. This is not an impressive percentage (8.7%) of the whole, yet the significance is readily apparent upon realization that thirty-six of that number were geographically grouped together outside the organized townships of Westmoreland in what was termed “Up the River.” More meaningfully, these thirty-six represent a 60% majority of the sixty inhabitants enumerated up the river. The remaining six men who would eventually join the British were scattered amongst their Whig neighbors within the Wyoming valley. (See page 299) Although no official register of Butler’s Rangers exists, compilations have been made of those who served in this corps.12 Many of the Westmoreland County Loyalists and their families settled after the war in the Canadian wilderness at Niagara, across the Niagara River from Fort Niagara, New York. The 1783 census of Niagara, taken in 1784, further links specific individuals with John Butler’s regiment.13 Additional confirmation for many of these Loyalists is found in the claims for compensation they made with the British government.14 Examined together and 11 These have been published in Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, Pro- ceedings and Collections 5(1900):205—42. 12 The earliest attempt to identify the men who served in this Loyalist regiment appears in A. H. Van Deusen, “Butler’s Rangers,” The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record 31(1900):12—18. In the most-recent compilation, the author reports that “no muster roll has been found among the War Office records . . . Five hundred was full strength for this regiment; this roll contains nearly 900 names, which indicates the high rate of attrition through death, capture or retirement from a demanding service.” Mary Beacock Fryer and William A. Smy, Rolls of the Provincial (Loyalist) Corps, Canadian Command American Revolutionary Period (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1981), 53. 13 Thomas B. Wilson, “Census of Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1(1968):197—214. 14 Sources searched for these Loyalist claims included Library of Congress, Manuscripts Division, Great Britain, Foreign Duplications Project, AO 12/13, “Transcriptions of the Manuscript Books and Papers of the Commission of Enquiry into the Losses and Final copy 26 March 2005 298 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 cross-referenced, these papers reveal which Westmoreland County inhabitants rallied to the English flag. Distinct from these primary sources are the testimonies recorded by local historians during the century subsequent to the Revolution. Personal recollections and eyewitness accounts by the Wyoming settlers who survived the war provide dramatic evidence of the events of this period. These same pages also preserve some of the names and activities of those men who were either regarded as Loyalist by their Patriot peers or who demonstrated their Tory inclination by joining a British military unit, usually Butler’s Rangers. A key list of British sympathizers is mentioned in a footnote in William Stone’s The Poetry and History of Wyoming: Among the papers of Colonel Zebulon Butler, Mr. Miner has discovered a document labelled, “A list of Tories who joined the Indians.” There are sixtyone names on the list, but of these there were but three New-England men. Most of them were transient persons, or labourers; or men who had gone to Wyoming as hunters and trappers. Six are of one family–the Wintermoots; four were named Secord; three were Pawlings; three Lanaways [sic, Larraways]; and four Van Alstynes. It is not believed that there were more than twenty or twenty-five Tory families. Nine of them were from the Mohawk valley who were probably sent thither by the Johnsons to poison the settlement if possible, or as spies. Four of them were from Kinderhook; six from the county of Westchester, (N.Y.) The Wintermoots were from Minisink. There were not ten Tory families who had resided two years in Wyoming.–Letter to the Author from Charles Miner.15 The papers of Zebulon Butler, preserved by the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society at Wilkes-Barre, were consulted in an effort to locate this list. Unfortunately, it seems to have been lost or is included in another collection of Revolutionary War documents. Another historian has remarked that “family names such as Arnold, Ingersoll, Ryerson, Wintermute, Westbrook, Sutton, Iradell, Reynolds, Gordon were to be found along the Susquehanna and later from the Niagara to the lower Thames,”16 but only one of those names was found during this research. Perhaps most of these people lived farther up the Susquehanna River, in New York, rather than Pennsylvania, and were hence outside the scope of this analysis. Services of the American Loyalists”; Alexander Fraser, Second Report of the Bureau of Archives (Toronto: 1905); and W. Bruce Antliff, Loyalist Settlements 1783—1789, New Evidence of Canadian Loyalist Claims (Toronto: Ministry of Citizenship and Culture, 1985). 15 William Leete Stone, The Poetry and History of Wyoming (New York: Wiley and Putnam, 1841), 181. 16 Elma E. Gray and Leslie Robb Gray, Wilderness Christians, The Moravian Mission to the Delaware Indians (Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited, 1956), 160. Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Frederick Anger/Anker Joshua Beebe Philip Bender Adam Bowman Jacob Bowman [Sr.] Jacob Brunner Philip Buck John Depue Stephen Ferrington [Philip] Fox Frederick Frank Edward Hicks Gosper Hopper Geo. Kentner Isaac Laraway [Sr.] Thos Millord Thos Millord Jr. Ben & Wil Pauling/Pawling John Pensler/Pencil Elijah Phelps Nicholas Philips John Secord Peter Secord Huldrick Shout Michael Showers Henry Simmons Frederick Smith John Stephens Isaac Van Alstine James Vanalstine Old Vanalstine Frederick Vanderlip Isaac Van Volkenbroug Elisha Wilcox John Williamson Henry Windecker Hendrick Winter Abram Workman Wm Pickard Chris’r Wintermoot Jno Wintermote Philip Wintermute Philip Wintermute Jr. Martin Nelson Parshal Terry Junr Final copy 26 March 2005 299 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre Westmoreland County Up the River District 1776 1777 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1776 1777 1776 1776 1776 1777 1776 1777 1776 1777 1776 1776 1776 1776 1777 1776 1776 1777 1776 1776 1777 1776 1777 1776 1777 1776 1776 1777 1776 1777 1776 1776 1776 1776 Exeter District 1776 1777 1778 1776 1777 1778 1776 1778 1776 Wilkesbarre District 1776 Kingston District 1776 Niagara Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 Niagara 1783 300 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 FAMILIES DIVIDED Most dramatic in the narratives of Wyoming’s Revolutionary history are the stories of families bitterly divided by loyalty.17 The men who chose to affiliate with the sworn enemies of their Patriot sires or siblings attracted the special scorn of Whig chroniclers, their defections defying logical explanation. Such are the cases of Parshall Terry Jr. and John Pencil Jr. Parshall Terry Jr. was the son of a well-respected, staunchly republican, Connecticut Yankee.18 Despite the fact that he resided within one of the first settled townships of the Wyoming Valley, his destiny lay with the Loyalists up the river. Terry’s name appears with that of his father and brothers in many of the earliest records dealing with the Yankees of the Susquehannah Company. He participated in the armed removal of the Pennsylvania claimants in 1771 and joined with his neighbors in petitioning for county status from Connecticut the next year. He was numbered among the ranks of the First Westmoreland Independent Company of the Twenty-Fourth Regiment, mustered in September 1776, but deserted on 11 January 1777.19 It is claimed that Terry thereafter lived up the river with the Tories20 and took part in the plundering of Whig households in February, 1778. Terry was an officer in Butler’s Rangers, and was one of those sent to demand the surrender of Jenkin’s Fort the day before the Battle of Wyoming. He was also seen at the capitulation of Forty Fort two days later.21 Terry’s defection and participation at Wyoming’s massacre naturally inspired scandalous press. Within weeks eastern newspapers were publishing sensational accounts of the battle and its aftermath. Parshall Terry 17 Some historians erroneously claimed that Zebulon Butler was a cousin or some other near-relative of the Tory commander John Butler. Other historians emphatically and correctly challenged this assertion and declared there was no conclusive evidence to support any relationship. See Harvey, History of Wilkes-Barre, 2: 931n; Charles Miner, History of Wyoming, in a Series of Letters, from Charles Miner, to his son William Penn Miner (Philadelphia: J. Crissy, 1845), 236 [hereafter cited as Miner, History of Wyoming]; and Benson J. Lossing, The Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution, 2 vols. (New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1860), 1:355n. 18 William Brewster, History of the Certified Township of Kingston, Pennsylvania, 1769 to 1929 (Wilkes-Barre: Smith-Bennett Corporation, 1930), 138. 19 An undocumented explanation for the desertion is also provided: While travelling with Washington’s army “Terry, who was a spirited young man, stopped on the march to fix his shoe. His Captain ordered him to fall in and go on. Some words passed. The Captain struck Terry with his sword, and Terry knocked the Captain down. Knowing well the penalty which would be inflicted for this breach of military law, he deserted.” Harvey, History of Wilkes-Barre, 2:894, 902n. 20 It was common knowledge that the Susquehanna settlements above Wyoming were Loyalist, as it was reported that several other deserters sought refuge there in 1777. Craft, History of Bradford County, 52. 21 Harvey, History of Wilkes-Barre, 2:902, 945, 992, 1061; and Craft, History of Bradford County, 55—56. Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 301 Jr., was among those singled out for special vilification. In one account he was described as: the son of a man who bore a very respectable character, had several times sent his father word that he hoped to wash his hands in his heart’s blood. Agreeable to such a horrid declaration, the monster, with his own hands, murdered his father, mother, brothers and sisters, stripped off their scalps, and cut off his father’s head.22 Although erroneous, the circulation of this story gathered credence with each repetition. A hundred years later the credibility and notoriety of this scandalous tale became evident upon publication of the following disclaimer penned by Jonathan Terry: My brother Parshall Terry, was indeed on the opposite side of the great question from us, who were true Whigs, and was with the enemy, as well as many more. He also came into the fort with Butler and his army; but he offered no manner of violence to any of his friends. On the contrary, he said he had come into the fort to save our lives; and his father . . . has survived many years and died among his friends in this place, in a good old age. 23 Another well-worn story was of a fratricide on Monockanock Island, to which some of the more fortunate Patriot survivors were able to swim after fleeing the battle. Finding that their pursuers were doggedly following them to the island, several concealed themselves “amongst the bushes and behind the trunks of fallen trees.” From their hiding place two of the escapees recognized “John Pencel, Jr., the younger brother of Henry Pencel, their companion in flight. They knew him to be a pronounced Tory, who, some months previously, had left his home in the North District of Westmoreland for the purpose, presumably, of joining the British at Fort Niagara.”24 They silently and fearfully watched as John, upon discovering his brother behind a fallen tree, cursed him as a ‘damned rebel’ and summarily shot him in cold blood. Was such incredible cruelty possible? Again, historians debated for decades the credibility of this story.25 PROFILES OF WYOMING VALLEY LOYALISTS The Profiles of Wyoming Valley Loyalists, presented below, provides the most comprehensive list to date of the men of Westmoreland County 22 Harvey, History of Wilkes-Barre, 2:1061. 23 Craft, History of Bradford County, 490. Many additional testimonies of Terry’s worthy intentions were gathered by Lyman Copeland Draper; see The Draper Manuscripts, 4F 205—14. 24 Harvey, History of Wilkes-Barre, 2:1021; see also Stewart Pearce, Annals of Luzerne County; A Record of Interesting Events, Traditions, and Anecdotes, 2nd edition (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1866), 129—30; and Miner, History of Wyoming, 225. 25 David Craft, History of Bradford County, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1878), 62n, and Harvey, History of Wilkes-Barre, 2:1022. Final copy 26 March 2005 302 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 sentimental to the Tory cause. This extensive roll includes several families which contributed more than one generation to the British regiments. Many of the 131 men profiled below are well documented in local histories of Wyoming, as well as in comparable works dealing with the first settlement of Ontario. Additionally, this effort has included lesser-known individuals who have been misplaced or lost in the historical writings of Revolutionary Pennsylvania, making this probably the most complete inventory of Loyalists who were settlers on the upper Susquehanna prior to the outbreak of the American Revolution. Sources consulted include publications dealing with the muster rolls of British military regiments, genealogical studies, and prior compilations of known Loyalists. The profiles use in-text citations keyed to the bibliography at the end. ANGER (ANKER) (ANGARS), CHARLES Possibly a son or brother of Frederick Sr., he appears in a petition dated 24 December 1773 to the Connecticut government asking that a county town be established on the west side of the Susquehanna River (SCP 5:216); identified as a Tory “in the same stripe as the Van Alstynes” who had settled up the river at Standing Stone (Craft, 51, 62); appears in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 60; Van Deusen, 14). ANGER (ANGOR) (ANKER) (ARGER) (AUGER), FREDERICK SR. A native of Germany who settled on the Susquehanna in 1772 on 300 acres; joined Butler’s Rangers in 1778 with Frederick Jr. and Charles; appears in a petition dated 24 December 1773 to the Connecticut government asking that a county town be established on the west side of the Susquehanna River (SCP 5:216); appears in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged sixty-two, with wife Maria, and son Frederick (Wilson, 206); seems to have moved down to Wintermute’s Fort just prior to the Battle of Wyoming; blamed for assisting in the killings of the Hardy group on 30 June 1778; appears in the “Up the River” tax lists of August 1776 and 1777 (WHGS 5:217, 228; Harvey 944, 946, 987, 987n; Fraser, 973; Palmer, 21; Brewster, 138); included in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 60, probably also appears as Frederick Auger on same page; Van Deusen, 14). ANGER (ANKER) (ANGOR), FREDERICK JR. He was enumerated with his father, Frederick Sr., and mother in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged seventeen (Wilson, 206). Identified with his father as a former resident of the Town of Westmoreland (Harvey, 944), and in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers as a private (Van Deusen, 14). Two additional recruits with this surname are identified in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers: Simon (Fryer and Smy, 60), and John (Van Deusen, 14). ANGUISH (ANGRISH), HENRY Enumerated in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged eighteen, with his father Jacob (Wilson, 207); identified as a former resident of the Town of Westmoreland (Harvey, 944) who joined Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 303 60; Van Deusen, 14). Henry was named as one of those settled up the river in the vicinity of Standing Stone (Craft, 62). ANGUISH (ENGUISH) (ANGRISH), JACOB He was enumerated in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged sixty-three, with his wife Elizabeth, sons Jacob and Henry, and daughters Anna and Elizabeth (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:207); appears in many of the earliest records dealing with the Wyoming Valley Yankees, but eventually moved up the river to Tunkhannock; captured by the Connecticut militia in December 1777; claimed to have been captured by the Tories and taken to Niagara in the Spring of 1777 (Harvey, 682, 696, 714, 750, 751, 770, 922, 944, 946, 950, 960, 960n); in Fort Durkee the day Nathan Ogden was killed in 1771; granted “Liberty to Live on ye west side of ye River provided they move to ye Block House with Capt Stewart” (SCP 4:155, 276); owned considerable property in the Wyoming Valley (“Anguish,” Ontario Register 4:126) until his removal farther up the river in 1774 (Craft, 52, 65; Brewster, 138); seems to have been captured a second time by the Patriots at Tioga in October 1778 (Penrose, 275);served as a sergeant in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 56; Van Deusen, 14). ANGUISH (ENGUISH) (ENKRISH), JOHN Probably he was the same Johannes Enkrish, son of Jacob and Elizabeth, christened on 16 August 1754 (Blair, 228). The son of Jacob, he served in Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 60; Van Deusen, 14). Although he appears in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged thirty, with wife Hanney, and daughter Hanney Jr. (Wilson, 202), it appears he returned to the United States. In 1800 a John Enguish of Montgomery County, New York, sold some land “late the property of Jacob Enguish” at Luzerne County, Pennsylvania (“Anguish,” Ontario Register 4:126—28). BEBEE (BEEBE) (BEBEC), ADIN (OR EDWIN) Probably the son of Joshua, he appears in the 1783 census of Niagara as a corporal, aged twenty-two (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:207); identified as a sergeant in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 56; Van Deusen, 13). BEBEE (BEEBE), JOSHUA A native of America, he had settled on the Susquehanna by 1775, owning 300 acres; joined Butler’s Rangers on 1 April 1777 with possible son Adin and served as a courier to New York; died there of small pox, 28 October 1778 (Palmer, 56); identified in the “Up the River” tax list of August 1776 (WHGS 5:217). A Joseph Bebee (possibly Joshua) was a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 60). BENDER (BANTER), PHILIP Born in Germany, bought 320 acres on the Susquehanna in 1776, and joined the Rangers in the Spring of 1777 (Fraser, 984; Palmer, 61); appears as a landowner in the August 1776 “Up the River” tax list (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 1050n); appears in the muster rolls of Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 61; Van Deusen, 14); included in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged forty, Final copy 26 March 2005 304 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 with wife Mary, son John, and daughters Mary and Sarah (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:212). BERRY, REDMAN (RICHMOND?) Included in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 61); named as a Loyalist taken prisoner in the winter of 1777—78 (Penrose, 274). A laborer on the Pawling plantation at Wyalusing, by the name of Richmond Berry, is identified as a Loyalist captured by the Connecticut militia at this same time (Craft, 51, 53, 55, 66; Harvey, 950). BOWMAN, ABRAHAM A son of Jacob Sr., he was born at Albany County, New York, in 1768 and moved with his father’s family to Tunkhannock in 1777; enlisted in Butler’s Rangers as a fifer (Fryer and Smy, 34, 59, 61) but transferred to the King’s Royal Regiment of New York in 1780 (Penrose, 135—36; Cruikshank, 173). BOWMAN, ADAM JR. Born in Albany County, New York, in 1758, he was the eldest son of Jacob Sr.; captured with his father in December 1778 by the Connecticut militia, remained in prison for several months (Penrose, 127—28, 274; Harvey, 950), and then was severely wounded and taken prisoner a second time with his father in June 1780 near Wysox (Craft, 83; Harvey, 1253); in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers he was identified as a private (Fryer and Smy, 61; Van Deusen, 14). He is easily confused with his uncle George Adam. BOWMAN, GEORGE ADAM (ADAM SR.) Brother of Jacob Sr., and brother-in-law of Abraham Wartman, he was born in Albany County, New York, about 1731; moved his family to Tunkhannock on the Susquehanna (Penrose, 28—31; Brewster, 138); joined Butler’s Rangers, serving as a private (Fryer and Smy, 61); named in the August 1776 tax list of those living “Up the River,” but was missing in the list of the following year (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 944, 946). BOWMAN, HENRY The second son of George Adam, he was born about 1761 in Albany County, New York (Penrose, 78—80); identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 945) who had joined Butler’s Rangers; served as a private (Fryer and Smy, 61; Van Deusen, 14). BOWMAN, JACOB SR. Born 1 January 1738 at Albany County, New York, he was the younger brother of George Adam and brother-in-law to Abraham Wartman. Like them, he moved his family to the Tunkhannock area in the early 1770s (Penrose, 42—44, 274); appears in the “Up the River” tax list of 1776, but is missing in the list compiled the next year; captured by the Yankees on the upper Susquehanna in December 1777 (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 945, 946, 950, 1253), and a second time at Wysox in June 1780 (Craft, 51, 62, 83); served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 61; Van Deusen, 14); enumerated in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged forty-five, with his wife Elizabeth, and daugh- Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 305 ters Anna, Petty, Sary, Cristina, and Eve (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:206). BOWMAN, JACOB JR. The eldest son of George Adam, he was born on 22 February 1759 in Albany County, New York (Penrose, 75—77); served in Butler’s Rangers as a private, but moved back to the Susquehanna at the end of the war and took up residence there (Craft, 62, 65). He married a daughter of Rudolph Fox. He is easily confused with his uncle, Jacob Sr. BOWMAN, PETER The second son of Jacob Sr., he was born in 1762 at Albany County, New York (Penrose, 129—32); served in Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 61; Van Deusen, 14); recognized as a former resident of Wyoming (Harvey, 945). BRUNER (BRUNNER) (BRENNER), JACOB Included on the “Up the River” tax list of August 1776 (WHGS 5:217); captured in December 1777 with several other Loyalists on the upper Susquehanna (Penrose, 274; Craft, 62; Harvey, 950); enumerated in the 1783 census of Niagara with wife Hannah, and sons Henry and Peter (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:200). BUCK, PHILIP A native of Germany, he settled on 300 acres on the upper Susquehannah in 1771; joined the British at Fort Stanwix and was captured with other Loyalists in December 1777, being exchanged the next year in New York (Fraser, 974; Palmer, 111; Penrose, 274). One of the earliest settlers with the Yankees at Wyoming, he eventually moved up the river where he appears in the August 1776 tax list (SCP 4:299; 5:42; WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 715, 732, 751, 945, 946, 950, 1049n); taken prisoner in June 1780 at Wysox with the Bowmans but immediately escaped (Craft, 83); served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 62; Van Deusen, 14), included in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged forty-one, with his wife and sons Fredrick, Michel, Phillip Jr., and daughters Mary, Roser, and Elisebeth (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:208). DEPEW (DEPUE), CHARLES The eldest son of John, he was enumerated with his father and family in the 1783 census of Niagara (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:213), aged twenty-one, and appears in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 64; Van Deusen, 15). DEPEW (DE PU) (DE PUI), JOHN Identified as a Yankee settler, he eventually moved to the upper Susquehanna where he was enumerated in August 1776. A native-born American, he held a lieutenant’s commission in the Connecticut militia but joined the British early in the war (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 715, 732, 814, 851, 857, 874, 935, 939, 946, 1050n) serving as a private in Butler’s Ranger (Fryer and Smy, 64); captured with an incriminating letter from his cousin Nicholas warning Final copy 26 March 2005 306 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 him of a British invasion of Wyoming; carried seventy letters from his neighbors on the Susquehanna River reporting their willingness to join his regiment (Fraser, 984—85; Palmer, 216; Ousterhout, 235, 240, 241; Loyalist Ancestors, 93); appeared in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged fifty-five, with his wife Mary, and sons Charles, Wm, John, and daughters Susanna, Eliz’th, and Marian (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:213). DOLSON (DOLSEN) (DALSTON) (DOBSON), ISAAC SR. A Pennamite early in the land conflict, he led forty-five men in the Plunkett Expedition, which harassed the Wyoming Yankees in December 1775 (SCP 4:323, 324; 6:430). His family was settled at Fishing Creek below the Wyoming Valley (Harvey, 855); appears on a list penned by Zebulon Butler as one who “joined the savages” at the Battle of Wyoming (PSA, RG-27); appears with his wife Mary, sons Daniel, John, Isaac, and daughters Eliz’th and Mary, in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged forty-one (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:213). The rolls of Butler’s Rangers record him as private Isaac Dobson (Fryer and Smy, 64; Fraser, 989—90; Gray, 79, 161; Palmer, 226, 227; Sabine, 2:507) DOLSON, ISAAC JR. Appears with his father, Isaac, on a list of those “who joined the savages” at Wyoming (PSA, RG-27; Sabine, 2:507). DOLSON, JOHN The father of Isaac Sr. He settled at the mouth of Fishing Creek (Harvey, 855) and is included with the his son’s family in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged eighty-one (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:213). There is a tradition that he claimed his father was the first white child born on Manhattan Island, and that his grandfather was from Holland (Hasbrouck, unnumbered). DOLSON (DALSON) (DOLESON), MATTHEW A son of Isaac Sr., he served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 64) and is identified with his father and brother as one who took part in the Battle of Wyoming (PSA, RG-27). His wife was Hannah Field, a daughter of George, and they lived at the Manor of Sunbury (Gray, 160, passim; Sabine, 2:507). FERRINGTON (FARRINGTON), ROBERT This Pennsylvania farmer, aged twenty-three, appears as a private in the same company as Stephen in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Cruikshank, 196); probably the son of Stephen, he served in the same capacity in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 29, 65). FERRINGTON (FARRINGTON), STEPHEN A native of America; enlisted in both Butler’s Rangers and the King’s Royal Regiment of New York as a private in 1780, aged forty (Cruikshank, 196; Fryer and Smy, 30, 65); appears in the “Up the River” tax list of August 1776 (WHGS 5:217) but seems to have had property in New York also (Palmer, 265; Fraser, 443). An individual named John Farrington, possibly a son or brother, also appears within the ranks of Butler’s Rangers. Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 307 FIELD (FIELDS), DANIEL A son of George, he lived on the Manor of Sunbury where he had a grist mill (Gray, 160); a sergeant in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 57; Van Deusen, 13); named as one of the Pennamites who “joined the savages” at Wyoming (PSA, RG-27; Palmer, 271; Sabine, 2:514); designated as a corporal in the 1783 census of Niagara (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:201; Annals of the Forty, 4:59). FIELD (FIELDS), GEORGE A native-born American, he joined the British in Niagara in 1778 with three of his sons, Daniel, Gilbert, and Nathan (Palmer, 271; Sabine, 2:514). A Pennamite from early in the conflict, he owned 177.8 acres on the Manor of Sunbury and served as an express rider between Wyoming and Philadelphia (SCP 3:199, 223; 4:139, 208; Harvey, 688, 813, 855, 1050n); identified as one of the Pennamites who “joined the savages” at Wyoming (PSA, RG-27); a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 65; Van Deusen, 15); enumerated in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged sixty-two, with his wife Rebecca (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:213; Annals of the Forty, 4:58—59). He had died two years previous to 1788 when his wife appeared before the British commissioners (Fraser, 979—80). FIELD (FIELDS), GILBERT Born in 1765, he served as an express rider during the Pennamite-Yankee War like his father, George, and also as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 65; Van Deusen, 15; Sabine, 2:514; Annals of the Forty, 4:59—60). FIELD (FIELDS), NATHAN The youngest son of George, he was a sergeant in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 57; Van Deusen, 13; Annals of the Forty, 4:59). FOX, PHILIP Identified as a Tory who lived on the upper Susquehanna (Craft, 60, 62). A man with the surname Fox appears on the “Up the River” tax list of August 1776 (WHGS 5:217). It should be noted, however, that Rudolph Fox was one of the first white settlers on the river; Rudolph’s daughter married Jacob Bowman Jr. (Craft, 60, 62—65). FRANK (FRANKS), FREDERICK A native of Germany, he emigrated to the colonies in 1765 and had 300 acres on the upper Susquehanna; joined Butler’s Rangers in 1777 (Palmer, 290) and served as a private (Fryer and Smy, 65); included on the August 1776 tax list of those living “Up the River” (WHGS 5:217); taken prisoner by the Connecticut militia in December 1777 (Penrose, 274; Harvey, 950); died in New York after being exchanged (Fraser, 478). FRANK (FRANKS), WILLIAM The son of Frederick, he served as a private in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Palmer, 290; Fryer and Smy, 32; Cruikshank, 198) and acted as the claimant for his father’s estate after the war (Fraser, 478). Final copy 26 March 2005 308 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 GREEN, THOMAS A private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 66), he was identified as a known resident of the upper Susquehanna; assisted Parshall Terry Jr. in the plundering of the York home on 14 February 1778 (Craft, 55) and robbed Elisha Scovell of his property the day after the Battle of Wyoming (Harvey, 902n, 1036; Sabine I, 497). HICKS, EDWARD SR. Originally from Dutchess County, New York, he was settled on 600 acres on the upper Susquehanna by 1775 (Craft, 52) and was with those taken prisoner in December 1777 (Penrose, 274). His property was purchased from both Pennsylvania and Connecticut. He died at New York in 1780 (Fraser, 480); appears on the tax list of those living “Up the River” in August 1776; he was identified amongst those former residents of Westmoreland who had joined Butler’s Rangers (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 945, 946, 949, 950); served as a private in that regiment (Fryer and Smy, 67). Another Loyalist of the same name was hung as a spy in Boston in 1778 (Canniff, 104-05). HICKS, EDWARD JR. Was living on a 600-acre farm with his father, Edward Sr., and joined Butler’s Rangers in 1777 (Palmer, 383) with whom he served as a private (Fryer and Smy, 67; Van Deusen, 15); captured with his father in December 1777 on the upper Susquehanna (Penrose, 274; Palmer, 383; Harvey, 950); served as claimant to the British commissioners in behalf of his father’s family after the war (Fraser, 480). HILL, PATRICK Possibly a Pennamite, as he appears with the Dolson and Field men who “joined the savages” at Wyoming (PSA, RG-27); appears in the ranks of Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 67; Van Deusen, 15) and in the 1783 census of Niagara (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:201; Sabine I, 535—36). HILL, THOMAS A member of the 24th Regiment of Connecticut Militia who deserted 17 April 1777; supposedly joined Butler’s Rangers, although no person of that name appears in the muster rolls; one of the party demanding the surrender of Jenkins Fort the day before the Battle of Wyoming (Harvey, 894, 902n, 903n, 992; Sabine I, 536). HOVER (HOOVER) (HOPPER), CASPAR (GOSPER) A native of Holland who bought land on the upper Susquehanna during the rebellion (Harvey, 1050n; Fraser, 1003; Palmer, 404; Craft, 60, 66). In the August 1776 tax list of those living “Up the River” his name appears as Gosper Hopper (WHGS 5:217; Ousterhout, 273); enrolling in 1777, he was a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 68) and is supposed also to have served in Major Van Alstine’s Corps. There is some indication he owned land in New York (Canniff, 107, 451). Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 309 HOVER (HOOVER), HENRY The eldest son of Caspar, he was a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 68; Van Deusen, 16; Palmer, 404); identified as a former resident of Westmoreland, he was captured in December 1777 on the upper Susquehanna by the Connecticut militia (Harvey, 945, 946, 950) and spent two years in jail (Canniff, 107); captured again at Wysox in June 1780 (Craft, 83); included in the enumeration of Niagara in 1783 (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:201). Another man by the same name served with five sons in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Fraser, 1073—74). HOVER (HOOVER), JACOB The second son of Caspar, he served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 68; Palmer, 404). HOVER, JOHN The youngest son of Caspar, he appears on a list of Loyalists captured on the upper Susquehanna in December 1777 (Penrose, 274; Harvey, 950); a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 68). KENTNER, GEORGE Born about 1737, he was a native of Germany who immigrated to the colonies in 1765. His name is included with others “Up the River” in the August 1776 tax list (WHGS 5:217). The early Yankee records of Wyoming identify him as being one of the first settlers in the valley (SCP 5:43, 84; Harvey, 696, 713, 715, 728, 732, 752, 946, 950, 960, 960n, 1049n—1050n); moved his family from the valley to a 300-acre farm near Tunkhannock in 1774 (Craft, 52, 65). Originally claiming to the Connecticut government that he had been taken to Niagara by the Tories, he was captured in December 1777 with other Loyalists and declared he had joined the British at Fort Stanwix. In his petition to the British commissioners following the war he reported that he had been taken prisoner by the Americans following the retreat from Fort Stanwix (Fraser, 1001; Palmer, 459); served in both Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 48, 69) and the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Cruikshank, 215) as a private. KENTNER, JOHN Probably the son of George, he was born in America in about 1768, and served as a private in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York with George (Cruikshank, 215). LARRAWAY (LARAWAY) (LARWAY), ABRAHAM A native of America, he was born about 1762, possibly in Albany County, New York; served as a corporal in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 48, 58; Van Deusen, 16) and seems to have transferred into the King’s Royal Regiment of New York in 1780 (Cruikshank, 217); identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 945). LARRAWAY (LORROWAY), ISAAC SR. Identified as a native of America born about 1741; served as a private in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York; owned three hundred acres on the Final copy 26 March 2005 310 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 Susquehanna River near Towanda by authority of Pennsylvania, which he bought at the beginning of the war (Cruikshank, 218; Fryer and Smy, 48); appears “Up the River” on the August 1776 and 1777 tax lists (WHGS 5:217, 228); known as a Tory by the Whig inhabitants there (Craft, 51, 62); when his property was confiscated by the rebels, he was in prison for his loyalty (Fraser, 1015). LARRAWAY, ISAAC JR. Identified as a Tory, he lived near his father, Isaac Sr., in the Towanda area on the Upper Susquehanna (Craft, 51, 62); claimed his land was held by a Connecticut title, bought at about the time the war commenced. Like his father he served as a private in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Fraser, 1016; Cruikshank, 218). LARRAWAY (LARWAY), JONAS Identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 945) who joined Butler’s Rangers, serving as a private (Fryer and Smy, 69; Van Deusen, 16); enumerated in the census of Niagara in 1783, aged fifty-two, with his wife Batsy, and sons Isaac, Jacob, Jonis, and daughters Dority, Mary, Hanny, and Eave (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:198). LARRAWAY, PETER Although he was identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 945), there is no indication that he lived in that area. A man of this name from the Coxsakie District, Albany County, New York, who is described as a New York farmer joined the King’s Royal Regiment of New York and served as a private (Cruikshank, 218). Perhaps this is the same individual who served in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 69). LYMAN (LYMAM), HENRY A native German, he served in the British forces for three years after joining in 1777 and received a discharge due to his age. Although he was reported as a landholder on the Susquehanna by neighbors, his name is not found in local sources. He is probably the same man identified as Henry Simmons (Fraser, 1263; Siebert, 20). MCGINNIS (MCGINIS), (RICHARD?) A man named McGinnis is identified as “a former Susquehanna settler who had turned Tory” (Harvey, 972; Siebert, 83). Richard served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 70; Palmer, 546) and provides a graphic account of the Battle of Wyoming in his journal (McGinnis, NYGBR 105:193— 202; 106:14—18, 113—20, 144—46). MILLARD, DANIEL Probably a son of Thomas Sr.; served in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York and is probably the same Dan Millare included in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 10, 71). Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 311 MILLARD, JESSE Probably a son of Thomas Sr.; served as a private in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York; also appears within the ranks of Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 10, 71). MILLARD (MILLORD) (MILLAR), THOMAS SR. A native-born American, he appears in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged fifty-four, with his wife Mary, and sons Thomas, John, Noah, and daughters Unis, and Sarah (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:213). One of the first settlers in the Wyoming Valley, he later settled in 1774 on 300 acres sixteen miles below Wyalusing (Fraser, 968; Harvey, 878); one of the Yankee settlers arrested by the Pennamites for trying to establish themselves on the west branch of the Susquehanna in September 1775 (SCP 5:216; 6:357); included in the “Up the River” tax list of August 1776 (WHGS 5:217); in a petition to the Connecticut government, dated May 1778, he and several neighbors asked that their taxes be abated due to the harassment they were suffering from “unfriendly Indians and Tories” (Palmer, 604; Craft, 64, 67, 423). He had three sons Daniel, Jesse, and Thomas Jr., who joined the British service, he being a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 71; Van Deusen, 16). MILLARD (MILLORD) (MILLER), THOMAS JR. A son of Thomas Sr.; a native of America, he was a sergeant in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York, enlisting in 1776 (Cruikshank, 225; Fryer and Smy, 28); identified with his father in the August 1776 tax list of those living “Up the River,” and in a petition to the Connecticut government to have his taxes abated (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 959; Craft, 54—55, 67). NELSON, MARTIN Lost his right to settle in Lackawanna Township in 1772 (SCP 4:319); included in the August 1776 tax list of the “Wilkes-Barre District” within the Wyoming Valley (WHGS 5:210). There is some question as to his political persuasion, but he did desert from the Continental army in 1777 (Harvey, 877, 894). PAGE, JOSEPH A private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 72; Van Deusen, 16), he may be the same man identified as working on the Pawling plantation at Wyalusing (Craft, 51, 53, 55); numbered in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged fortythree, with his wife and sons Jesse, Benj’n, and daughter Mary (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:208; Annals of the Forty, 7:20). PAWLING (PAULING), BENJAMIN Appears on the “Up the River” tax list of August 1776 with his brother William (WHGS 5:217), having settled at Wyalusing in 1775 with his father, Henry (Harvey, 868, 878, 944, 944n, 946; Craft, 51, 53, 66; Brewster, 138; Annals of the Forty, 7:20); a lieutenant in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 55; Van Deusen, 13), he was included as a captain in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged twenty-nine (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:207). Final copy 26 March 2005 312 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 PAWLING (PAULING), JESSE Identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 944), he settled at Wyalusing with his brothers and father, Henry, in 1775 (Craft, 51, 53, 66); quartermaster in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 56; Van Deusen, 13), and was at Niagara in 1783, aged twenty-seven (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:207; Brewster, 138; Annals of the Forty, 7:29). PAWLING (PAULING), WILLIAM Moved with his father, Henry, and brothers from Providence, Pennsylvania, to Wyalusing; they owned their property by authority of Connecticut (Craft, 51, 53, 66); appears in the August 1776 and 1777 tax lists of those living “Up the River” (WHGS 5:217, 228). Although it is claimed he fought with Butler’s Rangers, his name does not appear in any of the rolls. PENCIL (PENSIL) (PENSELL), JOHN JR. His father, Henry, was one of the early settlers in the Wyoming Valley, having moved from the Delaware to the Susquehanna. The family was originally from Germany, but seems to have lived at Tryon County, New York also (SCP 5:43, 84; Harvey, 733, 752, 757, 945, 1021—23, 1023n). He was included with the early Yankee settlers of Wyoming, but later lived up the river with the Tories near Standing Stone (Craft, 51, 62; Brewster, 138). Probably he is the John “Pensler” enumerated “Up the River” in 1777 (WHGS 5:228); according to an eyewitness account, he killed his own brother, Henry, in cold blood during the massacre after the Battle of Wyoming (Fraser, 1040; Palmer, 681; Antliff, 342; Sabine, 2:166); a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 72); enumerated in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged forty-five, with wife, sons James and Gradus, and daughters Catherine, Sarah, and Margrate (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:208). An Isaac Pencil also appears as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 72). PHELPS, ELIJAH JR. Living at Mehoopany on the upper Susquehanna, he signed a petition asking the Connecticut government to abate his taxes in May 1778 due to the incursion of unfriendly Indians and Tories; he was in a party of Tories shooting at his own brother, Joel, and brother-in-law, Miner Robbins; identified as part of the detail of Rangers sent by John Butler to demand the surrender of Jenkins Fort on 2 July 1778 (Harvey, 959, 975, 992; Craft, 54, 55, 57, 67); a private in that regiment (Fryer and Smy, 72; Van Deusen, 16). Although his family was originally from Connecticut, he was born at Nine Partners, New York, in 1750, and was married to Lois Millard (Annals of the Forty, 7:52, 53). Either he or his father, Elijah Sr., appears in the August 1776 and 1777 tax lists for “Up the River” (WHGS 5:217, 228). PHILLIPS, JOHN Appears on a list of Rangers taken on the Susquehanna in December 1777 (Penrose, 274; Harvey, 950). An individual by this name did serve as a drummer in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 59; Van Deusen, 13). Possibly he is a son of Nicholas Sr. Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 313 PHILLIPS (PHILIPS), NICHOLAS SR. A native-born American, he was identified as an early Connecticut settler with the Susquehannah Company, but moved to Tunkhannock on the upper Susquehanna by the beginning of the Revolution. In his claim to the British commissioners following the war he reported that his land was held by grants from both Pennsylvania and Connecticut (Fraser, 964, Note: given name appears as Richard); appears there in the August 1776 tax list (SCP 4:77; 5:43, 363; WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 649, 659, 715, 736, 752, 814, 919, 945, 946, 950) and is implicated in warning John and Nicholas Depew of a British invasion of Wyoming in 1777; captured and spent eighteen months in jail, being transferred to several different prisons, but escaped in 1777. However, he was recaptured above Wyoming in December 1777 by the Connecticut militia (Penrose, 274); joined Butler’s Rangers that same year, and served as a private throughout the war (Palmer, 690; Fryer and Smy, 72; Van Deusen, 16). PHILLIPS (PHILIPS), NICHOLAS JR. He was captured with his father, Nicholas Sr., on the Susquehanna in December 1777 and exchanged at the same time (Harvey, 950); served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 72; Penrose, 274) and appears in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged twenty-seven, with his wife (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:205). PICKARD (PACKARD), BENJAMIN Son of William Sr.; included in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged thirteen, and identified as a drummer (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:202); mentioned as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 945) who had joined Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 72; Van Deusen, 16). One source gives him the distinction of being the regiment’s last survivor (Sabine, 2:140, 188). PICKARD, JAMES A private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 72; Van Deusen, 16), he was identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 945). PICKARD, NICHOLAS He was voted an enemy by the Committee of Safety of Northumberland County at Sunbury in April 1777 and sent to Philadelphia where he was put in jail (Harvey, 919, 923). No other references to him are found. PICKARD, WILLIAM SR. The Pickard family are identified as originally from Tryon County, New York (Blair, 162n). This fact is substantiated in William’s testimony to British authorities after the war when he claimed three hundred acres of land in Westmoreland County as well as property on the Mohawk River in Tryon County (Fraser, 963; Palmer, 693); a former resident of Westmoreland who appears in the August 1776 “Exeter District” tax list (WHGS 5:216; Harvey, 878, 945); he and two sons, Benjamin and William Jr., joined Butler’s Rangers in 1777, in which regiment he served as a private (Fryer and Smy, 72; Van Deusen, 16; Brewster, 138); in the 1783 census of Niagara he was aged fifty- Final copy 26 March 2005 314 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 six and appeared with his wife and two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:204); PICKARD (PICHARD), WILLIAM JR. Identified as a drummer in Butler’s Rangers, the son of a private soldier from Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, William Sr. (Fryer and Smy, 59). RUSSELL, MATTHEW His name is included on the list penned by Zebulon Butler identifying “those who joined the savages” at the Battle of Wyoming (PSA RG-27; Sabine, 2:173). SARAH, STEPHEN The only reference to him is the claim that he was a Loyalist living in the neighborhood of Wysox (Craft, 63). SECORD (SEACORD), DAVID SR. A corporal in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 59; Van Deusen, 17), he was the third son of James and was born 10 August 1759; wounded at the Battle of Oriskany in August 1777 (Annals of the Forty, 8:26—27) and positively identified as a former Westmoreland resident (Harvey, 945). In the 1783 census of Niagara he was included with his father’s family, aged twenty-three (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:212). SECORD (SEACORD), JAMES SR. A native of America, born in 1732, he moved his family from New Rochelle, New York, to Mehoopany in about 1773/74; originally a captain in the 24th Regiment of Connecticut militia, he was replaced for suspected Toryism (Harvey, 813, 857, 868, 874, 939, 944, 946, 1050n; Penrose, 132; Annals of the Forty, 8:24, 25; Brewster, 138). He and his family left the 300acre farm in March 1777 (Palmer, 771); joined Butler’s Rangers with three sons, David, Solomon, and Stephen, serving as a lieutenant (Fryer and Smy, 55; Van Deusen, 13); in the 1783 census of Niagara he was enumerated, aged fifty-three, with his wife, Magdalen, sons David and James, and daughters Magdalen, Hester, and Mary (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:212) but died the following summer (Fraser, 989). One reference identifies him as the son of John Sr. (Craft, 65). SECORD (SEACORD), JOHN SR. He settled his family near Mehoopany, probably at the same time as the other Secords, and appears on the August 1776 “Up the River” tax list (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 813, 867, 946); appointed a member of Westmoreland’s Committee of Inspection in August 1775, expected to watch for any Tory activities (SCP 6:340); arrested as a British spy in March 1776, he successfully petitioned the Connecticut government for his release and thereafter moved his family to Tioga Point where he served as a sutler to the British soldiers (Craft, 51, 55, 56, 65, 66; Ousterhout, 240); identified as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 74; Annals of the Forty, 8:28, 29; Sabine, 2:273). Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 315 SECORD (SEACORD), PETER SR. Born in 1721 and probably moved his family to the Tunkhannock area on the upper Susquehanna at the same time as his kinsmen; served as a private in the Loyalist regiment (Fryer and Smy, 74; Van Deusen, 17); included in the August 1776 tax list of those living “Up the River,” he was another former Westmoreland County resident who joined Butler’s Rangers (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 945); in the Niagara census of 1783, aged sixty-two, with his wife Abigal, sons Peter, Stephen, David, and daughters Margaret and Eliz’th (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:213; Annals of the Forty, 8:24). SECORD, SILAS (SILES) (CYRUS?) Probably the son of John Sr. who is identified as Cyrus by Whig prisoners during their confinement at Tioga (Craft, 65, 66); a sergeant in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 57; Van Deusen, 13), he appears in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged twenty-eight, with his wife (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:209; Annals of the Forty, 8:24). SECORD, SOLOMON Born 19 March 1755 at New Rochelle, New York, he was the eldest son of James Sr. Identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (SCP 7:1n; Harvey, 944, 946), he was a lieutenant, like his father, in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 55; Van Deusen, 13). Although he was a single man in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged twenty-eight (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:207), he is said to have later married Margaret Bowman, daughter of Jacob Sr. (Penrose, 132—33; Annals of the Forty, 8:25). SECORD, STEPHEN The second son of James Sr., he was born 30 August 1757 (Annals of the Forty, 8:25, 26). Identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 944), a sergeant in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 57; Van Deusen, 13); appears in the census of Niagara in 1783 (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:203). SHORT, JOHN HENRY The only record identifying this man as a Tory is that his name is included with other upriver settlers “who were lately taken in arms against the inhabitants of the United States by the militia of Westmoreland” (Harvey, 950). SHOWERS, ADAM The only reference to this man is that he deserted from the 24th regiment of Connecticut militia on 18 January 1777 (Harvey, 894). He may not have been a Loyalist, but carries the same surname as others who were. SHOWERS, HENDRICK Possibly the son of Michael who was killed during the war, he appears in the ranks of Butler’s Rangers as a corporal (Fryer and Smy, 59). SHOWERS (SHAWERS) (SCHEURS), MICHAEL A native of America, he took up 300 acres in 1772 under Connecticut title. A Samuel Showers is also identified as settling at Towanda (Palmer, 784; Final copy 26 March 2005 316 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 Craft, 51, 62); a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 75; Van Deusen, 17); captured up the river with other Loyalists in December 1777 by the Connecticut militia (Harvey, 903, 945, 947, 987, 987n); implicated in the killing of the Harding party on 30 June 1778; known to have moved his family down to the Wintermute’s Fort just before the Battle of Wyoming; his family returned up the river but were forced to flee in 1780 (Annals of the Forty, 8:37—39; Loyalist Ancestors, 200; Brewster, 138); in the 1783 census of Niagara he appears, aged fifty, with wife Hannah, sons Michael and John, and daughters Elizabeth, Lana, Hanna, Ann, and Mary (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:213). SHUTT (SHOUT), OLDRICK (HULDRICK) He appears in the August 1776 “Up the River” tax list (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 878) and in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 75); captured by the Connecticut militia in December 1777 (Penrose, 274). SILK (SILKS), THOMAS One of the Loyalists taken prisoner on the upper Susquehanna in December 1777 (Penrose, 274, Harvey, 950), his name is carried on the rolls of Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 75). SILLS (SILL), CONRAD Born in Germany, he moved to the Standing Stone area in 1776, taking up 300 acres (Craft, 61, 62; Harvey, 1049n); joined the British at Fort Stanwix, and served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Palmer, 785; Fryer and Smy, 75); enlisted in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Cruikshank, 257); mentioned as moving his family from Machiche, Quebec, to Cataraqui (Kingston) with other Loyalist settlers in June 1784 (Siebert, 413). SILLS, GEORGE Son of Conrad; born in America around 1773; enlisted in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York in 1782 (Cruikshank, 257; Fryer and Smy, 50). SILLS, JOHN Son of Conrad; enlisted in the King’s Royal Regiment with his brothers in 1782, aged about eleven years old (Cruikshank, 257; Fryer and Smy, 50). SILLS, LAWRENCE Son of Conrad; a native of America born in 1769; enlisted in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York in 1782 (Cruikshank, 257; Fryer and Smy, 50). SIMMONS, ADAM Identified as a Tory living at Standing Stone who was “of the same stripe as the Van Alstines” (Craft, 51, 62). SIMMONS (SYMMON), HENRY A native of Germany; served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 75; Palmer, 844); appears in the August 1776 tax list of those living “Up the River” (WHGS 5:217). He was probably not the same man identified as a lieutenant in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Palmer, 786). Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 317 SIPES, ANDREW A son of Jacob Sipes Sr., his family is mentioned as living up the Susquehanna River (Craft, 62); a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 75; Van Deusen, 17). SIPES, JACOB JR. His family is included with other Tories living “Up the “River (Craft, 62); served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 75; Van Deusen, 17). SIPES, JONAS Probably a son of the Jacob Sr. family that lived with other Loyalists above Wyoming on the Susquehanna; a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 75; Van Deusen, 17; Craft, 62). SMITH, FREDERICK SR. One of the early settlers of the Wyoming Valley, he settled under the auspices of the Susquehannah Company and appears in the “Up the River” tax list of August 1776 and 1777 (SCP 4:83; 7:263, 291; WHGS 5:217, 228; Harvey, 659, 662, 947); a native of Germany, he owned 300 acres and claimed to have been imprisoned at Philadelphia for a year; in 1777 he and two sons joined the British, serving as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Palmer, 797; Fraser, 972; Fryer and Smy, 75; Van Deusen, 17). He may be the individual enumerated in the 1783 census of Niagara with Benj’n, Mary, and Margrit (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:200). SMITH, FREDERICK JR. He served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 75; Van Deusen, 17) and may be the person enumerated in the 1783 census of Niagara (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:200). STARKS (STACKS), HENRY His name appears on Zebulon Butler’s list of Pennamites who “joined the savages” at Wyoming (PSA RG-27). STEPHENS (STEVENS), JOHN He was one of the earliest settlers at Wyoming, fighting for the Yankees (SCP 4:51, 154; 5:44, 85, 145; 6:253; 7:263), and then appears to have moved up the river because his name is included on that tax list in August 1776 (WHGS 5:217; Harvey, 659, 662, 682, 702, 715, 728, 733, 752). He may or may not be the same man who was a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 76; Van Deusen, 17). TERRY, PARSHALL JR. From a staunchly Whig Connecticut family who figured prominently in the occupation of the Wyoming Valley; in 1777 he deserted from the 24th regiment of Connecticut militia (Harvey, 694, 715, 733, 752, 894, 902, 945, 992, 1061); included in the August 1776 enumeration of the “Kingston District” (WHGS 5:212); his family is credited with being early settlers on the upper Susquehanna; serving as a sergeant in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 58; Van Deusen, 18), he carried the terms of surrender to Forty Fort the day Final copy 26 March 2005 318 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 following the Battle of Wyoming where he supposedly butchered his own parents and siblings (Craft, 55, 56, 61, 62, 490; Brewster, 138; Sabine, 2:350). Much information on his conduct during the war and on his family background is in the Draper Manuscripts, Series F, Joseph Brant Papers. TERRY, THOMAS The only reference to this man indicates that he butchered his own mother and other relatives after taking part in the Battle of Wyoming (Sabine, 2:350). THOMAS, MICHAEL A native-born American, he joined Butler’s Rangers in 1778 and served as a private until the year before the war ended; discharged because of his age and the fact that he had a large family. In his claim to the British commissioners after the war he stated he took up 300 acres of disputed land on the upper Susquehanna, having a Connecticut grant but hoping it to be confirmed by the Pennsylvania government (Fraser, 973; Siebert, 20; Fryer and Smy, 77). TURNER, EDWARD The son of Morris, he was a native of America and lived with his father on lands on the upper Susquehanna (Harvey, 1050n; Palmer, 874). He and his father joined Butler’s Rangers in 1778 (Fryer and Smy, 77), and they both appear with “those who joined the savages at Wyoming und[er] the Com[man]d of Butler” (PSA RG-27). After nine months in the regiment he was in the “Navy Service on the lakes” (Fraser, 981). In the 1783 census of Niagara he appears, aged twenty, with his mother Sarah, and sisters Hanna and Sarah in his stepfather’s household (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:213). He is possibly the Edward Furner in one reference (Sabine, 2:517). TURNER, MORRIS A private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 77), he died in the service during the war (Harvey, 1050n); appears on Zebulon Butler’s list of those “joining the savages” at Wyoming (PSA RG-27). His surname is misspelled as Furner in one reference (Sabine, 2:517). After the war his son Edward claimed compensation for a total of 800 acres owned by his father, including two islands in the Susquehanna, all granted by the land office in Philadelphia (Fraser, 981). VAN ALSTINE (VAN ALSTYNE), ISAAC A native of America, he was born in 1741 and settled 300 acres on the upper Susquehanna in about 1771 (Fraser, 1030; Palmer, 881); appears there in both “Up the River” tax lists of August 1776 and 1777 (WHGS 5:217, 228). There were supposed to have been four brothers of this name living in the neighborhood of Standing Stone who were connected by marriage with the Wintermute family at Wyoming (Craft, 51, 62; Harvey, 867, 1049n). Joining in 1778, he served as a private in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Cruikshank, 267; Fryer and Smy, 31). Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 319 VAN ALSTINE (VAN ALSTYNE), JACOB Probably one of the four brothers referred to in some references (Brewster, 138); identified as one of the Tories who lived on the upper Susquehanna, a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 45); served in Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 77; Van Deusen, 18). A person of this name is included in the 1783 census of Niagara (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:199). VAN ALSTINE (VAN ALSTYNE), JAMES Probably a brother of Jacob and Isaac, he also lived in the neighborhood of Standing Stone (Craft, 51); appears in the “Up the River” tax lists of August 1776, and 1777 (WHGS 5:217, 228); served as a private in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Cruikshank, 267). VAN ALSTINE (VAN ALSTYNE), LAMBERT Identified only as “Old” with two others of that surname in the 1776 and 1777 tax lists enumerating the inhabitants on the upper Susquehanna, therefore it may be presumed he was the father or some other near relative of Isaac, James, and Jacob (WHGS 5:217, 228; Craft, 51; Ousterhout, 273). Despite his advanced age, being born before 1718, he seems to have served as a private in the King’s Royal Regiment of New York. Other relations with this surname were active Tories, and all of this family seem to originate at Kinderhook, New York (Fraser, 440, 445—47, 1033—34). VANDERLIP, FREDERICK Son of William Sr.; settled near Wyalusing under Pennsylvania authority; identified as an enemy to the Yankees so his farm was burned in 1777 (SCP 6:292; Harvey, 814, 817, 868, 945, 959, 1049n). In May 1778 he and some neighbors sent a petition to the Connecticut government asking that their taxes be abated due to the persecution they had received from “unfriendly Indians and Tories” (Craft, 67); appears with others “Up the River” in the August 1776 tax list (WHGS 5:217; Brewster, 138); taken prisoner and sent to Connecticut, but escaped to join Butler’s Rangers with whom he served as a private (Loyalist Ancestors, 258; Fryer and Smy, 77, Van Deusen, 18; Booth, 48, 49). VANDERLIP, WILLIAM SR. A native of Holland, he settled on the upper Susquehanna near Wyalusing with his sons, Frederick and William Jr.; enlisted in Butler’s Rangers with them in 1777, serving as a private (Fryer and Smy, 77); discharged after three years on account of illness and died in the Fall of 1785 (Fraser, 997—98). A third son, named John, is said to have served in the Rangers but returned to the States following the war (Booth, 48, 49, 92; Palmer, 885). VANDERLIP, WILLIAM JR. Son of William Sr.; served as a private in Butler’s Rangers for one-and-a-half years before being discharged for being too young (Fryer and Smy, 77). Final copy 26 March 2005 320 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 VAN GORDER, ABRAHAM He was taken prisoner by Westmoreland’s Committee of Inspection and sent to Litchfield, Connecticut, for trial (Miner, 189—90). Although this family name appears in many local histories, each identifying the clan as Tories, there are no other records which determine subsequent activities before, during, or after the war. VAN GORDER, PHILIP Known to have lived on the upper Susquehanna with other Tories, no records have been found to trace his movements during the Revolution beyond the allegation that he was captured and sent to Litchfield, Connecticut, because of his political sentiments (Miner; 189—90). VAN VALKENBURG (VAN VOLKENBROUG), ISAAC From Claverack on the Hudson River in New York, he was of Dutch descent; settled on the west bank of Wysox Creek in 1775; appears in both the August 1776 tax list “Up the River” and the 1777 “North District” tax list as “Isac Falkenburg” (WHGS 5:217, 228). Although he served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 78), he and his wife returned to the upper Susquehanna after the war (Craft, 51, 63, 455). His sons-in-law, the Stropes, were Whigs. There was great argument among local historians of Wyoming concerning the true allegiance of this man and his family (Draper Manuscripts, Series F, Joseph Brant Papers). WARTMAN (WORTMAN), ABRAHAM His land was held by authority of the Pennsylvania government; married to Catherine Bowman, sister of George Adam and Jacob Sr.; born in Germany, and emigrated to the colonies with his parents and sister in 1731 (Penrose, 31—33; Palmer, 908); he settled a short distance above Tunkhannock in the early 1770s, and is identified as “Abram Workman” in the August 1776 tax list with those living “Up the River” (WHGS 5:218; Harvey, 946, 1049n); a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 78); discharged after three years and then served as an artificer in the “King’s Works” (Fraser, 1262). WARTMAN (WORTMAN), ADAM Eldest son of Abraham; served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 79); was the Tory killed at his home near Tunkhannock by the Connecticut militia in September 1777 (Harvey, 948; Penrose, 90—91). WARTMAN (WORTMAN), PETER Born in the Mohawk Valley, New York, about 1760, the second son of Abraham (Penrose, 91—92); served in Butler’s Rangers as a private (Fryer and Smy, 78). WEITNER, GEORGE His given name is crossed out and replaced by “Henry” on the list Zebulon Butler made of “those who joined the savages at Wyoming” (PSA RG-27; Sabine, 2:594). Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 321 WEITNER (WHITNER), HENRY A private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 78; Van Deusen, 18), his name appears on Zebulon Butler’s list naming “those who joined the savages at Wyoming” in 1777 (PSA RG-27). Possibly he is the same man as Hendrick Winter. WILCOX, ELISHA He was from New England and settled twenty miles from Pittston in 1774; fought with the British at the Battle of Wyoming, but claims he was compelled to do so after his capture by Indians in June 1778 (Craft, 296); earlier than 1774 he appears as one of the early Yankee settlers in Wyoming (SCP 5:43, 75, 86, 224; Harvey, 733, 752, 813, 974); appears with others living “Up the River” in August 1776 and 1777 tax lists (WHGS 5:218, 228). A person of the same name is included in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 78; Van Deusen, 18), and an “Elija” Wilcox appears in the 1783 census of Niagara (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:201). WILLIAMSON, JOHN Appears in the August 1776 “Up the River” tax list (WHGS 5:218) and in a May 1778 petition to the Connecticut government requesting that his taxes be abated because of the aggressive actions of Indians and Tories in his neighborhood, which caused him to leave his home (Craft, 67; Harvey, 959); the roster of Butler’s Rangers includes his name (Fryer and Smy, 78; Van Deusen, 18). WINDECKER (WINDACKER) (WINDRON), HENRY/HENDRICK Of the Windecker Palatine family in New York (Blair, 228); numbered with the earliest settlers in Wyoming, assisting the Yankees in the siege of Fort Wyoming in August 1771; his name is in many early Connecticut documents, including the August 1776 “Up the River” tax list (WHGS 5:218; SCP 5:44; Harvey, 659, 702, 752, 945, 946, 1020n; Brewster, 138); settled on the upper Susquehanna in 1771, his wife claimed their land was held by a Connecticut title (Palmer, 940); a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 78; Van Deusen, 18); included in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged forty-six, with his wife Elizabeth, son George, and daughters Magdelen, Berber, and Margret (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:199; Jones, 1101) A Loyalist by the name of Hendrick Windron (Siebert, 19; Fryer and Smy, 79) is identified as this same man (Fraser, 990). WINTER, HENDRICK Appears in the August 1776 “Up the River” tax list (WHGS 5:218); served in both Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 79) and the King’s Royal Regiment of New York (Cruikshank, 273). An early settler, identified only as “Winters,” is listed as living up the river near Caspar Hover and John Secord Sr. (Craft, 60, 66). Possibly he is the same man as Henry Weitner. WINTERMUTE (WINTEMOTE), ABRAHAM Born in 1750, sixth son of Philip Sr. (“Wintermute,” Ontario Register 1:33— 34); a corporal in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 59; Van Deusen, 14, 18); identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 944, 1050n); Final copy 26 March 2005 322 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 probably arrived with his father’s family from New Jersey in 1772; appears without family, aged twenty-eight, in the 1783 census of Niagara (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:206). WINTERMUTE (WINTEMOTE), BENJAMIN Eighth and youngest son of Philip Sr. (“Wintermute,” 1:38—40); born in 1761 probably in New Jersey like his brothers; identified as having lived in Westmoreland County (Harvey, 945, 1050n); a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 79; Van Deusen, 18); included in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged twenty-one (“Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:207). WINTERMUTE, CHRISTOPHER Fourth son of Philip Sr., born about 1746 (“Wintermute,” Ontario Register 1:28—29); his name appears in the “Exeter District” tax list of 1777 (WHGS 5:228); identified as living at Fort Wintermute in July 1778 (Harvey, 951, 1050n). Although he was not included in the rolls of Butler’s Rangers, he may be the same person recorded as Christopher Winter (Fryer and Smy, 79; Van Deusen, 18). WINTERMUTE (WINTERMOTE) (WINTERMOOT) (WINTMOT), JOHN Fifth son of Philip Sr., born in 1747 in New Jersey; included in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged twenty-seven, with wife Mary, and three others of the same surname (“Wintermute,” Ontario Register 1:31—33; “Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:201); an early resident, with his father and brothers, in the township of Exeter, he claimed after the war that he had owned two hundred acres on the Susquehanna under Connecticut title (Fraser, 974; Palmer, 942); living at the family fort in July 1778 when the British force arrived; his name appears in both the “Exeter District” tax list of 1776 and 1777 (WHGS 5:216, 228; Harvey, 886, 944, 991, 1050n); a corporal in Butler’s Rangers (Van Deusen, 14). WINTERMUTE, PETER Born in 1753 in New Jersey, seventh son of Philip Sr.; appears in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged twenty-six, with his wife and two children, Betsey and James (“Wintermute,” Ontario Register 1:34—37, “Niagara, 1783,” Ontario Register 1:209); identified with his father and brothers as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 944, 1050n) who had joined Butler’s Rangers; served as a corporal (Van Deusen, 14). WINTERMUTE, PHILIP SR. A native of Germany, he arrived in Philadelphia in August 1732, aged twenty-five. Sometime after he moved to Sussex County, New Jersey, where several of his sons were christened. His two oldest sons, Leonard and George, stayed there when he moved his family to the Exeter District of Wyoming. Nicholas Phillips Sr. sold him the land in 1772 (Ontario Register 1:24—28; Wintermute, 299—315); participated with the Yankees in petitioning for county status with the Connecticut government; included with his sons, Christopher, John, and Philip Jr., in the “Exeter District” tax lists of 1776 and 1777 (SCP 5:44, 171; WHGS 5:216, 228; Harvey, 736, 752, 770, 991, 1050n; Miner, 190). Six of his sons–Philip Jr., Christopher, John, Abraham, Peter, and Final copy 26 March 2005 2004 Loyalists at the Wyoming Valley Massacre 323 Benjamin–served in Butler’s Rangers. He and his family moved from their fort after the Battle of Wyoming, and he died at Niagara the next year (Loyalist Ancestors, 280). WINTERMUTE, PHILIP JR. Third son of Philip Sr.; appears in the 1783 census of Niagara, aged fortyone (Ontario Register 1:30—31, 207); served as a private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 79; Van Deusen, 18); identified with his brothers and father as a former resident of Westmoreland who was assessed taxes in August 1776 (WHGS 5:216; Harvey, 945, 1050n). YOUNG (YOUNGS) JOHN (S.) Read a proclamation from John Butler to the people of Buttermilk Falls in May 1778, encouraging them to join the British forces at Niagara; identified as a former resident of Westmoreland (Harvey, 944, 946, 950, 972); taken prisoner with other Loyalists on the upper Susquehanna in December 1777 (Penrose, 274); his name appears in the capacity of lieutenant, sergeant, and private in Butler’s Rangers (Fryer and Smy, 56, 58, 79; Van Deusen, 13, 14). This surname was very common with the Loyalists in New York, so it is difficult to determine which man this was and how many sons he had. REFERENCES FOR PROFILES “Anguish”–Wilson, Thomas B. “A Note on the Anguish Family of New York, Pennsylvania, and Ontario.” The Ontario Register 4(1971):126—28. Annals of the Forty–Powell, R. Janet, comp. “Loyalist and Pioneer Families of West Lincoln, 1783—1833.” Annals of the Forty, 10 Vols. n.p.: Grimsby Historical Society, 1950—59. Antliff–Antliff, W. Bruce. Loyalist Settlements 1783—1789, New Evidence of Canadian Loyalist Claims. Toronto: Ministry of Citizenship and Culture, 1985. Blair–Blair, Williams T. The Michael Shoemaker Book. Scranton: International Textbook Press, 1924. Booth–Booth, Charles Edwin. The Vanderlip, Van Derlip, Vander Lippe Family in America. New York: the author, 1914. Brewster–Brewster, William. History of the Certified Township of Kingston, Pennsylvania, 1769 to 1929. Wilkes-Barre: Smith-Bennett Corporation, 1930. Canniff–Canniff, William. The Settlement of Upper Canada. Toronto: Dudley & Burns, 1869; reprint ed., Introduction by Donald Swainson. Belleville, Ontario: Mika Publishing Company, 1983. Craft–Craft, David. History of Bradford County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1878. Cruikshank–Cruikshank, Ernest. The King’s Royal Regiment of New York. Toronto: The Ontario Historical Society, 1931; reprint ed., with the additions of an Index, Appendices and a Master Muster Roll, prepared by Gavin K. Watt, ed., Toronto: T. H. Best Printing Company, 1984. Draper–State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Draper Manuscripts. Series D, Border Forays; F, Joseph Brant Papers; G, Brant Miscellanies; U, Frontier War Papers. Fraser–Fraser, Alexander., ed. Second Report of the Bureau of Archives. Toronto: 1905. Fryer and Smy–Fryer, Mary Beacock, and Smy, William A. Rolls of the Provincial (Loyalist) Corps, Canadian Command American Revolutionary Period. Dundurn Canadian Historical Document Series: Publication #1. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1981. Final copy 26 March 2005 324 Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Vol. 43 Gray–Gray, Elma E., and Gray, Leslie Robb. Wilderness Christians, The Moravian Mission to the Delaware Indians. Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada Ltd., 1956. Harvey–Harvey, Oscar Jewell. A History of Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. 4 Vols. Wilkes-Barre: Raednar Press, 1909, 1927. Loyalist Ancestors–Hamilton Branch, United Empire Loyalists’ Association of Canada. Loyalist Ancestors, Some Families of the Hamilton Area. Toronto: Pro Familia Genealogical Services, 1986. McGinnis–McGinnis, Richard. “A Loyalist Journal.” The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record 105 (1974):193—202; 106 (1975):14—18; (1975):113—20, (1975):144—46. Miner–Miner, Charles. History of Wyoming, in a Series of Letters, from Charles Miner, to his son William Penn Miner. Philadelphia: J. Crissy, 1845. “Niagara, 1783”–Wilson, Thomas B., ed. “Census of Niagara, 1783.” The Ontario Register 1(1968):197—214. Ousterhout–Ousterhout, Anne M. A State Divided, Opposition in Pennsylvania to the American Revolution. Contributions in American History, Number 123. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1987. Palmer–Palmer, Gregory. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution. Westport and London: Meckler Publishing, 1984. Penrose–Penrose, Maryly B. Baumann/Bowman Family of the Mohawk, Susquehanna and Niagara Rivers. Franklin Park, N.J.: Liberty Bell Associates, 1977. PSA, RG-27–Pennsylvania State Archives. RG-27. Records of Pennsylvania Revolutionary Governments, 1775—1790. Executive Correspondence File. “A List of those Who Joined the Savages at Wyoming under the Commd. of Butler & Johnston.” Sabine–Sabine, Lorenzo. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution. 2 Vols. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1864. SCP–Boyd, Julian P., ed. (Vols. 1—4), The Susquehannah Company Papers. 11 Vols. Wilkes-Barre: Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, 1930; reissued, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1962; and Taylor, Robert J., ed. (Vols. 5—11), Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1968—71. Siebert–Siebert, Wilbur Henry. The Loyalists of Pennsylvania. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1920; reprint ed., Introduction and Preface by George Athan Billias, American Revolutionary Series. Boston: Gregg Press, 1972. Van Deusen–Van Deusen, A. H. “Butler’s Rangers.” New York Genealogical and Biographical Record 31, No. 1 (January 1900):12—18. WHGS–“List of Taxable Inhabitants in the Town and County of Westmoreland (Wyoming, Penn’a), State of Connecticut, 1776—1780.” Proceedings and Collections of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society. Vol. 5. Wilkes-Barre: Wyoming Historical and Geological Society (1900):205—18. “Wintermute”–Wilson, Thomas B., “Wintermute, U.E.” The Ontario Register 1(1968):24—40. Wintermute–Wintermute, Jacob Perry. The Wintermute Family History. Columbus: The Champlin Press, 1900. Final copy 26 March 2005