The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck

The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck Transcribed and edited by Marion F. Egge with an introduction by Jeffrey L. Scheib* O NE OF THE MOST ENJOYABLE ASPECTS of genealogical and historical research is the use of primary source documents. Original letters and papers provide tangible, often quite thrilling, links to personalities and events of the past. In particular, diaries, which were often created for no eyes but those of their writers, can provide genealogists and historians with intriguing and unique glimpses of individual lives and times, and enviable indeed is the family historian whose ancestor kept a diary that has survived to the present day. The diarist's account of his or daily activities can provide fascinating flesh for the bare bones of genealogical research. Henry Jacob Hornbeck of Allentown, Pennsylvania, kept a diary during his military service in the Civil War, from September 1862 *Editor's note: Marion F Egge received her bachelor's degree from Moravian College and M.A. in English from Lehigh University. She was production editor of the Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine from 1991 to 1993, at which time she became editor. Jetty L. Scheib, formerly the magazines editor, now serves as consulting editor and chairman of the Pennsylvania Genealogical Society publications committee. In 1994 he was elected to a thme-year term as a member of the society's board of directors. The original handwritten diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck is in the possession of a greatgranddaughter, Anne Leslie Hornbeck Pahre of Omaha, Nebraska, who, prior to 1990, transcribed the document. In collaboration withjoan DeStaebier of New Brunswick, New Jersey (another great-granddaughter), a volume of the transcribed diary together with family history notes was assertible& Through the generosity of one of Henry Jacob's granddaughters, Ekanore Hornbeck Bear Pope Leh of Allentown, who is a past president of the Lehigh County Historiati Society as well as a founder and former president of that society's Guild, a limited number of copies were reproduced to share with other Hornbeck descendants. Mrs. Pahre's transcription differs slighily in editorial method from the diary as it appears here. 197 198 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine through the end of the conflict His two-volume journal is an absorbing account of one ordinary Pennsylvanian's involvement during two-and-a-half years in the conflict that shaped the future of the United States. He recorded his experiences in camp, garrison, and hospital, on the march, and in battle. In addition to the hardships of life in the field, he described the work that he did, how he passed his free time, the books that he read, the foods that he ate, the games that he played with his fellow soldiers, in short, every aspect of the life of an ordinary soldier during the momentous conflict His descendants are indeed fortunate to have this account of his Civil War service. Happily for historians of other families, Henry Hornbeck was also in the habit of recording the friends and neighbors from Allentown and Lehigh County whom he encountered during his years of military service? His care in recording these meetings can provide the descendants of the hometown people who crossed his path during his army years with glimpses of their own ancestors' participation in one of the defining events of American history. Beginning with this issue, the Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine will publish Henry Jacob Hornbeck's Civil War diary. Henry Jacob Hornbeck Henry Jacob Hornbeck was born 19 September 1843. He was the fourth but second-surviving child born to John Westbrook Hornbeck (b. 6 February 1802, d. 16 January 1848) and Maria Elouisa (Martin) Hornbeck (b. 3 February 1818, d. 20 April 1862). Henry's surviving siblings were Molton Edward Hornbeck3 (b. 24 January 1842), Mary Elizabeth Hornbeck (b. 13 May 1845), and John Westbrook Hornbeck (b. 3June 1848). The elder John Westbrook Hornbeck was a Justice of the Peace in Allentown (1840),4 Treasurer of the Borough of Allentown (1846) ,5 and was elected to Congress on the Whig ticket to represent Lehigh and Bucks countless; he served as a United States congressman from the time the 30th Congress convened in 1847 to the date of his untimely death a year later. Henry Jacob's mother, remarkably, was The Civil War Diary of Hensy Jacob Hornbeck 199 postmistress of Allentown from 1849 until 1857, and probably was the first woman to hold a public office in Allentown.7 His family had along-standing tradition of engaging in the medical profession; both of his grandfathers, Jacob Hornbeck and Jacob Martin, as well as five of his maternal uncles, were physicians. Henry Jacob's paternal great-grandfather, Philippus Hornbeck, had served in the Revolutionary War. Five months after the death of his widowed mother, Henry Jacob Hornbeck volunteered to serve in the Union Army. He enlisted at Allentown on 8 September 1862, nine days before the Battle of Antietam (17 September 1862). On the same day that he enlisted, he was sworn into the service at Harrisburg and sent to Camp Curtin, on the west shore of the Susquehanna River, where he was mustered into the army on the following day. At his enlistment he was eleven days short of his nineteenth birthday. Initially, Henry Hornbeck was detailed as a clerk in what he called "the Superintendants (sic) office for the Recruiting service" in Harrisburg. At the end of October 1862, however, he received orders to join his regiment, the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. After a visit with friends and relatives at home in Allentown, he traveled by train to New York City and then sailed aboard the steamship Delaware for coastal South Carolina, where his regiment was then stadoned. On 19 November he was assigned to Company G. He served with the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers for the duration of the war, becoming quartermaster sergeant of the regiment in April 1864. He was mustered out of the service on 1 June 1865 under General Orders discharging all soldiers whose enlistments expired before 30 September 1865. Hornbeck concluded his war diary with the laconic notation, "June 3rd 1865 C,] Allentown (,3 Pa. At horneC.)" After the war Henry Jacob Hornbeck returned to Lehigh County and worked as clerk and chief bookkeeper for Roberts Iron Co., Allentovirn.8 After ten years with Roberts he became secretary and treasurer for the Hematite Iron Co.,9 Emmaus, which failed finandaily by 1877.1° From 1879 to the time of his death in 1898, Hornbeck was employed as bookkeeper for McKee Fuller Car and Wheel Works in Fullerton." During the years 1879-1881 he also served as deputy prothonotary of Lehigh County under Captain H. C. Wagner.12 200 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Records of St. John's Lutheran Church, Allentown, list a marriage on 29 July 1869, at the "Groom's House," for Henry Hornbeck and Leanna Diehl13 (b. 7 March 1851, d. 17 August 1934), daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Doll) Diehl.14 Henry and Leanna were parents of three children, Mary Elizabeth ("Mamie") Hornbeck (1870-1877), Bessie Diehl Hornbeck (18804969), and Henry Jacob Hornbeck (1881-1948). Henry Jacob Hornbeck suffered from ill health by the time he reached his early 50s. A federal act of 27 June 1890 provided pension rights for causes unrelated to military service to a veteran of the "War of the Rebellion [who] served at least ninety days, [and] was honorably discharged," and who subsequently became partially or wholly "unable to earn a support by manual labor."15 Hornbeck filed a Declaration for Invalid Pension on 2 January 1897, in his own words, "by reason of Diabetes, which came on some months ago so that I became aware of it."16 On 6 May 1897, he was approved a pension of $12.00 per month for "permanent disability, not due to vicious habits, from Diabetic (sic)"; the document cited "[n] o other disability affecting rate."17 Henry Jacob Hornbeck died 30 September 1898 at age fifty-five. A Certificate of Death Record filed with the Department of Health in the City of Allentown gives late residence of the deceased as "No. 509 Linden Street[i 9[th] Ward," and lists cause of death as "Diabetes."18 He was buried 4 October 1898; interment took place in Union Cemetery, Allentown.19 The 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Henry Hornbeck's regiment, the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, was originally organized in August 1861 by Tilghman H. Good of Allentown,21 who became colonel of the regiment, acting under authority granted to him by Governor Andrew G. Curtin of Pennsylvania; Good had previously commanded an elite militia company known as the Allen Rifles. Four of the regiment's ten companies, including Company G, to which Henry Hornbeck would be assigned, were recruited in Allentown. At the time that The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 201 Hornbeck was sent to join the regiment, it was stationed at Beaufort and Hilton Head, South Carolina, having previously seen action in campaigns along the St. John's River in Florida and along the Pocotaligo River in South Carolina. In December 1862 the regiment was ordered to Key West, Flon. ida.23 At that time, the assignment to garrison Key West was of the utmost strategic importance, as it was feared that France or England might intervene in the war on behalf of the Confederacy, and that either foreign power might seize the Florida Keys as a base of operations. The regiment remained in Key West for over a year, until February 1864, when it was ordered to Louisiana, where it was the only Pennsylvania regiment engaged in the Red River Campaign. Hornbeck recorded that during the Battle of Sabine Crossroads (8 April 1864), apparently his first time under fire, one of his fellow soldiers was shot dead directly in front of him; Hornbeck assisted in removing the wounded to the rear of the Union lines. He also fought in the batdes of Pleasant Hill and Cane Hill. In July 1864 the 47th Pennsylvania was ordered to Virginia, where it was attached to General Philip H. Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah. It fought in the battles of Opequan (19 September 1864) and Cedar Creek (19 October 1864). The regiment was encamped at Winchester, Virginia, when the war ended. It was subsequently sent to Washington, D.C., where it participated in the Grand Review of the Union troops on 23 and 24 April 1865; according to Henry Hornbeck, the regiment also guarded (for one day) the conspirators in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. Hornbeck was mustered out of the service in June 1865, but that month the regiment was sent to Savannah, Georgia, and, a month later, to Charleston, South Carolina, which it helped to occupy until January of 1866. The regiment was finally mustered out of the service at Camp Cadwalader, Philadelphia, on 9 January 1866. 202 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Editorial Method Researchers working with handwritten documents frequently encounter inconsistencies in a writer's style. Henry Hornbeck's Civil War diary presents no exception. For example, he sometimes spells "today" as it is written in the late twentieth century; but he also sometimes spells the word "to-day" or uses two words: "to day." Additional spelling variations are also evident. His capitalization, abbreviation, and punctuation are similarly inconsistent with today's usage. He may capitalize common nouns as well as proper nouns, while often neglecting to capitalize initial words of sentences. In many instances he fails to include the period that traditionally follows an abbreviation. Frequently, where a complete thought coincides with the end of a line, he uses no punctuation at all. Another distinctive characteristic of Hornbeck's handwriting is his manner of notating sentence and phrase endings. Throughout the diary most of his markings, including those at obvious ends of sentences, more closely resemble commas than periods. Editorial assignment of the ambiguous comma/period as practiced in this transcription is arbitrary—i.e., most sentences ending with apparent commas and have been transcribed as such, even though a decision to mark the punctuation as a period would have corrected the run-on sentences. This deliberately strict adherence to the appearance of the diary's punctuation marks helps to preserve the diary's "strearnmofconsciousness" quality. The comma-like marks have been transcribed as periods and missing punctuation has been added (in brackets) only where necessary to maintain narrative flow—primarily to separate multiple subjects. The transcription of the Hornbeck Civil War diary published here quite closely follows its original notation, with a few exceptions. One is the arbitrary (and consequently debatable) assignment of the comma and period already discussed; however, several additional editorial emendations must be noted. In most cases, the soldier entered only the month and day into his journal. So that readers can relate to the historical sequence of events during the War Between the States, the appropriate year and the day of the week, where missing, have been included with each day's The Civil War Diary of Henry jamb Hornbeck 203 entry. Additions appear in brackets. In all other respects Hornbeck's notation of dates, inconsistent as they may be, conforms to the original entries. Capitalization—or lack thereof—has been preserved in most cases but, again, editorial judgment is arbitrary. Because Hornbeck's handwriting is inconsistent, it is often difficult to distinguish between upper and lower case letters where formation of the character is identical, and capitalization is apparent only as it relates to the remaining portions of a given sentence. The letters "A" and "C," among others, are good examples. Abbreviations follow the original text except for those that are obscure or may be misunderstood, in which case missing letters are provided in brackets. Hornbeck's variant spellings and his use of superscript appear as originally notated. Words not in common use today are defined in the end notes. And, finally, although Hornbeck conserved valuable paper by writing all his entries "flush left," this transcription indents daily entries and paragraphs within entries to facilitate reading. While strict grammarians might be tempted to "correct" apparent "mistakes," readers should be reminded that diaries are very personal accounts usually not intended for publication. Except as noted, the author's style has been preserved in this transcription —along with the diary's unique mid-nineteen th-cen tuiy flavor, which might otherwise have been lost by standardizing its phrasing, capitalization, and punctuation according to twentieth-century usage. One aspect of Henry Hornbeck's diary potentially offensive to late twentieth-century readers is his choice of language when referring to Blacks or African-Americans. Nevertheless, in the interest of intellectual honesty and of preserving the integrity of the diary as a historical artifact, the diarist's language has been preserved. In evaluating Henry Hornbeck's use of language that today is no longer considered acceptable, it is worthwhile to remember that he was a product of the mid-nineteenth century, and his diary reflects the usage and attitudes of a time when the use of racial epithets was not considered exceptional. Moreover, it should be kept in mind that before his travels in the South during his military service, his experience with "Negroes" was probably extremely limited. See, for example, the entry for 19 November 1862, where he writes, ". . we saw a few negro soldiers which was a sight for us at first." While Penn- 204 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine sylvania had 3,737 slaves in 1790, there were only 64 in 1840 and none by 1850.24 Pennsylvania's free Negroes numbered approxi• mately 57,000 in 1869,25 but the 1860 federal census lists only five non-white residents of Allentown26 out of a city population of 8,025.27 At the time, the total population of Lehigh County was 45,753.28 A prominent feature of Henry Hornbeck's diary is the frequency with which he mentions other members of his extended family. His family was important to him, especially during the years of his military service. The closest relatives that he mentions are his brothers Molton and John, and his sister Mary. On his father's side of his family, Hornbeck prominently mentions his "Uncle Ebenezer," his father's brother Jacob Ebenezer Hornbeck. He also mentions his father's sister, Margaret (Hornbeck) Courtright, and her busband William Courtright Early in his diary, Henry Hornbeck also refers to his "old Grandmother," his maternal grandmother, Jane (Savitz) Martin. In fact, throughout the diary he mentions more maternal relatives than paternal relatives. On his mother's side, prominently featured are his "Aunt Elemina" and "Uncle Newhard," his mother's sister Elemina Rebecca (Martin) Newhard and her husband Edward R. Newhard, with whom Henry Jacob had made his home after his mother died and before enlisting in the army. E. R. Newhard, a captain in the Union Army, was captured and imprisoned in Virginia (see diary entry for 9 October 1862) for about two months. Hornbeck also refers to his uncles, Dr. Franklin B. Martin (with his wife Maria) and Dr. Tilghman H. Martin. All of the cousins who appear in Hornbeck's diary are from his mother's side of the family. Hornbeck mentions Alice, Sallie, and Carrie Newhard, daughters of Aunt Elemina and Uncle Newhard; Emma Martin, daughter of Dr. Franklin and Maria Martin; Eugene Martin and Dr. Alfred Martin (with his wife, Millie [Reese] Martin), sons of Dr. Tilghman Martin; and Emma (Wilson) Yeager. Hornbeck also mentions two cousins whose connections to his family tree have not been found, a cousin James Martin3° (who died of pneumonia while serving in the Union Army) and a cousin, Ann Ruhe, with her husband Edward Ruhe and their son Edward. The Civil War Diary ofHenryjacob Hornbeck • A ••.;:•••al • • ' '4 ' -.l• .•••• ki.m.b • 7. •, 205 i. -0 II • • •• L. . . J%-41' rjoe,- alr• • •• .I ▪ .• • F • • • • • I. • U . x4. •• • 7 ; • .FP'4 . • . • ' • . AI 1/4 g P .‘ a•• •••• • • "I I '141 • • r. S • r ••• • . . .. 4 • m 31Ir •:... • • .011 IS P . • g• •. .. • . `" .. • • • • ••• • ••• 11111t :A11.• ▪ .. 1' . '. %Wed.. • , • .• 0.4L%lir ;1 1. . .. X17 - • • 41. ; ..111.• 111,.:: .Z.- ' . . 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Enlisted Sept ath at Allentown Pa by rapt Haile [.]31 Sworn in at Harrisburg, at Alderman Kline's office, then sent to Camp Curtin, examined by Surgeon, remained there until the next day, 9th Sept. when Frank Good" & myself reed our uniforms and were mustered in. received the State Bounty of $29. dollars. We are detailed as Clerks in the Superintendants office for the Recruiting service in Pennsylvania. Remained at the Brady House over night, and, having procured a furlough for .4 days and after 206 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine being paid our County bounty of $50. dollars, we went home, and arrived at Allentown on Thursday morning 11th Inst." On Monday morning the 151' Good & myself again started for Harrisburg, and arrived there at noon. we immediately reported ourselves at the office, and were told to be ready for work the next morning at 8 o'clock. The afternoon we spent in seeing off, our Companies, for Chambersburg. the Governor having called out 50,000 of the Militia to protect the State from invasion, they flocked in from all portions of the state, and, 4 Companies went from our place,34 Commanded as follows. Capt I. N. Gregory,35 Capt Wr.in S. Marx,36 Capt Geo. R. Schall," and Capt. Wm Hoffman. 38 The next morning Tuesday 16th Inst we reported ourselves and were immediately assigned some work, and have been busily engaged up to the present time. The Militia having been called back on account of our recent victories, our Companies passed through here again yesterday on their way home, they all look sun burnt, and dirty, but hearty and healthy. the Rebels were driven back into Virginia, and a great many of our boys in the 9 mos service, of the 128th Regit. were wounded, and two killed from our place of which Regiment Molton is Hospital Steward, the killed are George Keck39 and Franklin Ritter, the wounded from our town are Lt Col. Hamersly,41 Wm H. Sowden,42 Mahlon Biery,45 W121 Haas, a few others, they are all getting along well, with the exception of Lt Cot. Hamersly who will probably lose his arm. Last Sunday received a visit from Geo. Stonefeldt who brought us, delicacies, from the girls, and friends at home, which were thankfully received. he returned again on Monday. Sept 26 (1862] Friday. We board at the Dauphin County House, and have things mostly our own way, are happy and, contented. this morning there was a dreadful accident across the River.45 two trains ran into each other, one being loaded with the Militia, returning home, and there were a great many killed and wounded. In the evening went to the Gayety Concert, retired about 11 o'clock. Sept 27 (18623 Saturday[.] Rose at 7 o'clock(.] after Breakfast took a short walk about the city then went to the Office, worked as usual [1 After dinner again took a walk then worked in the office until 6 o'clock. After supper Frank & myself took a walk, about the city, then retired. The Civil War Diary of limy Jacob Hornbeck 207 Sept 28 [1862] Sunday. Rose as usual. After Breakfast, went to Camp Curtin and saw our boys, who are still there, took dinner with them, then came into the City about 3 o'clock. After Supper Lieut G. Good[J46 84th P.V.[J47 8c myself went to a "Nigger Methodist Church" but as the Church, got too full of the Colored Gentry, and the Stench too intolerable we left and took a walk about the City as usual, then came home and retired. Sept 29 [1862] Monday. Rose as usual. After Breakfast went to Office C.] Kept busy all day. in the evening Lieut Geo. Good & Myself went to Sanford's Opera, after which, came home and retired [.] Sept 30 [1862] Tuesday. Rose as usual. Kept very busy all day. At noon our Squad of men, were sent on to New York to go South. Frank Good & myself could not accompany them, as we are in the Superintendant's Office. we saw them off, then came back to the office, and were Kept busy until evening. After supper strolled about the City awhile then went to bed. Oct la [1862] Wednesday. Rose as usual[.] we have just heard that Capt. Dodge Superintendant of Recruiting Service for the State of Pennsylvania has been relieved and Capt Lane been appointed his successor. we clerks will in all probability lose our situations, and will have to join our Regiment. We received our extra pay to-day. Capt Hart, Sergt Dennis" & Major Gausler49 arrived to day with another Squad of men for the 47A Reg. We had our Knapsacks, Canteens, Haversacks & blankets, marked today by Mr. Rothschild, who was formerly from our place. Took a walk about the city, then came home & went to bed. Oct 2 [1862] Thursday. Rose as usual. we had a heavy shower last night. took a walk about the City then went to the Office, wrote the foregoing entry in Diary. Kept busy all day. After Supper Frank Good & myself went to the Gayety Concert Saloon. Oct 3 [1862] Friday[.] Rose as usual [.] busy all morning arranging enlistment papers. yesterday afternoon made out Muster in Rolls. After Supper took a walk about the City, then went to bed. Oct 4 [1862] Saturday. Rose as usual, worked in the office as usual. At noon Frank, went home with Capt Harte on Recruiting Service, 208 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine ••• and I still remain. In the evening went to Sanford's with Lieut Good, then went to bed. Oct 5 [1862] Sunday. Rose as usual. After Breakfast Lieut Good Sc myself took a walk across the Bridge over the Susquehanna River Sc visited the Camp there, then came back to the Hotel, and took dinner & supper at 3 o'clock. After which Lieut Good[,] Sergi Knox Sc myself called upon Miss Johnson, After which we walked about the city. The city is in great excitement at present. A small girl missing for the past few days, was found brutally murdered yesterday, on the mountain. they arrested a few suspicious characters, but nothing conclusive being found against them, they were discharged. there is a reward of $1500. and scouts are out in every direction to ferret out this, devil in human shape. may they be successful. Monday Oct 6 f1862]. Rose as usual. Kept busy all day in the Ileh cruiting Office as usual. nothing of importance to day. Tuesday Oct. 7 [1862]. Rose as usual, busy all day mustering in a Squad of men. went to Sanford's in the evening. retired at 10 o'clock[.] Weather beautiful at present like summer. Wednesday Oct 8 1:1862]. Rose as usual [,) busy all day. Retired early. Weather splendid like summer. Thursday Oct 9 (1862]. Rose as usual. Heard to-day that Uncle, Capt. E. R. Newhard was taken prisoner by the Rebels with his Company. he will no doubt be soon paroled. Received to-day a letter from Aunt Margaret, informing me that John liked his new home very well, of which news I was very happy to hear. Retired early. Weather warm Sc fine. Friday Oct 10 [1862]. Rose as usual. Very busy all day. wrote a letter to Sister Mary informing her not to leave for jersey," until the 20th Inst as I would have a chance of seeing her again before she leaves. Remained at the Hotel all evening on account of the rain. Rained all last night. Saturday Oct 11 [1862]. Rose as usual [.] Still raining this morning. The news this morning is gloomy again. It is reported that the Rebels, have made an invasion again in our state and were at Chambersburg and Mercersburg. great excitement. The Civil War Diary of Hemy Jacob Hornbeck 209 Sunday Oct 12 [1862]. Rose at 8 o'clock [.] after Breakfast, went to take a walk, beginning to get cold, after the rain. A great many troops are to day rapidly forwarded on to Carlisle. After Supper, took a walk about the city then came home & retired. Monday Oct 13 [1862]. Rose at 7 o'clock. The Rebels, Stewarts Cavalry, About 2500 strong, have retreated, after stealing a great many horses and destroying public property at Chambersburg, Green Castle. it was a bold movement[.] Tuesday Oct 14 [1862]. Rose as usual. Nothing of importance. today is election for Congress & State & County officers. This afternoon reed a brief note from Sister Mary informing me, that Cousin Alice & herself had started yesterday for Jersey on their way to York State.51 Very sorry to hear it, as I had just procured "leave of absence" to see them off, I thinking they would not leave until next Monday. I also heard where Brother Molton at present is, I having not heard from him in 4 weeks, of which I was very happy to hear. I immediately wrote to him, and am expecting a reply daily. Wednesday Oct 15 [1862]. Rose as usual. The election seems to have gone mostly Democratic in this place Sc County. No news otherwise of any importance. two more of my acquaintances were brought in here having enlisted in the 471k.] they are Francis Straehly52 Henry Swartz." I was very glad to see them. Went to the Gayeties last night. Thursday Oct 16 [1862]. Rose as usual, very busy all day. No news of any importance, retired as usual. Friday Oct. 17 [1862]. Rose, as usual. busy all day writing Letters, to Captain's of different Regmts. asking for Descriptive Lists, of the sick & wounded in Hospitals at this Depot, so as to enable them to draw pay, clothing, &c. wrote all the evening, retired at 10 o'clock. Saturday Oct. 18 [1862]. Rose as usual, busy all morning. expected to go home to day over Sunday, but was refused, and has been postponed until next Saturday. retired as usual, rather disappointed. Sunday Oct. 19 [1862]. Rose at 7 o'clock, took a walk to Camp Curtin, saw Francis Straehly, of our place, and of our Regmt. remained until 10 o'clock, took a walk through the Capitol Grounds, and went 210 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine to see the Reservoir, then came to the Hotel & took Supper. After which I went to my room & read, until 6 o'clock, then took a walk about the city, then came home, ate a stew, then retired. Weather getting colder.] Monday Oct. 20 [1862]. Rose as usual, wrote a letter to Reuben P. Leisenring,54 busy in the office all day. Met Tom. Mickley this evening at the United States Hotel, near the Depot, who has Just resigned, having been Surgeon in the Army. retired at 9. o'clock. Tuesday Oct. 21 [18621. Rose as usual. Not very busy to day. there is a great deal of fun to see the drafted men, trying to hire substitutes, and there are some that offer as high as $1000 dollars, they are dreadfully scared. Met Danl. F. Mertz55 of Capt. Newhard's Company, this evening, he having been on a visit to Cumberland Md, escaped being taken prisoner by the Rebels, with the rest of the Comp [any]. We went to the Gaiety Concert Hall this evening. After which I went to bed. slight rain this evening. Wednesday Oct. 22 (18621. Rose as usual, very windy this morning. wrote a letter to Nevin Kessler at present in the Naval Academy at Newport R.I. [13]usy all day as usual. Retired at 10. Thursday Oct 23 [1862]. Rose as usual. busy all day. the drafted men are coming in rapidly. This evening Francis Straehly, Henry Schwartz, Danl. Mertz igc myself went to the Theatre in Sanfords Hall. the place was crowded, performance tolerably good. Weather fine, but cold at night. Friday Oct. 24 [1862]. Rose as usual, busy all day. After supper went to the Park House, and there met Capt. Harte Sc Frank Good with a squad of men, having just arrived from Catasauqua. we all went to the Gaities this evening. After the performance, we went to a Saloon. we there met Adjutant Leidske, who made us all take something on his account, after which we went to the Hotel and all retired. Saturday Oct 25 (1862]. Rose as usual, busy all morning. having got the consent of Adjutant Leidske to go home over Sunday, I left at 2 o'clock, and arrived at Allentown at 7 o'clock. Sergeant Hawk of Mauch Chunk Sc of the 81g P.V. came down with me, on his way to Mauch Chunk on Recruiting Service. we walked from the Depot, up The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 211 into town. Aunt Elemina and family were very glad to see me. Saw my old school mate Reuben P. Leisenring who was out west for the last two years. and with whom I regularly corresponded. he looks as natural as ever. Reuben, Albert Kern 8c Myself took a walk about town, went to George's Saloon and regaled57 ourselves. after which I went home, and before I retired Aunt Elemina, gave me a letter from Uncle Newhard to read, who is at present a prisoner of war in the Libby Prison at Richmond Va. very glad to hear from him. Sunday Oct. 26 [1862). Rose at 6. o'clock [ After a good old fashioned breakfast at home, I went down town and met my Cronies Reuben & Albert. we took a walk to the Rolling Mill, and returned by 11 o'clock. I then went to see, Dear old Grandmother, who seems to be getting along pretty well. she was very happy to see me, but as soon as we talk about John58 she begins to cry. Poor Grandmother, John was her pet, and she can't think of him without crying. Auntie Wilson and rest of the family are well. Cousin Emma Wilson was married to Dr. Theodore Yeager59 last Tuesday. Dr. Alfred Martin was also married a short time ago to Miss Millie Reese. After dinner went clown town again, & Reuben, & Albert & myself took a ride to Bethlehem, Albert Kern procuring their horse & Carriage[.] we had a very fine time, although it was cold driving. Arrived at home at 4. o'clock, then went home, and prepared things, before Supper. After Supper, went down to Uncle Tilghman's, remained there the greater part of the evening, then went to George's Saloon[.] I there met Reuben, Albert, (& George Stonefelts) (another kind friend of mine) [.] I treated them to different delicacies, and then bid them good bye, before I went home, as I leave very early in the morning for Philad phila. Very cold & raining this evening. Went down to Aunt Wilson's to bid them Good bye, but found the house Closed, they having retired. Very sorry as I desired very much to see poor old Grandmother again, we don't know what minute she may be called away. Monday Oct. 27 (1862]. Rose at 4 o'clock this morning. Aunt Elemina made me a good breakfast, after which I bid them good bye, and went to the "American Hotel."6° it was raining and still dark. there I took Heller's Omnibus and proceeded to the Depot. Met Allen Pfeifer who is going to Philada. and we went on together. we arrived in the city, by 9 o'clock, and had to remain at the Depot for 212 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine some time on account of the rain. George Lepple also came on to the City with us. We stopped] at the Bald Eagle Hotel in SEA Street, took a walk about the city the remainder of the morning, in the rain. After dinner, again went out some. After supper Pfeifer & myself went to the Arch Str [eet]. Theatre, performance very good, after which we went to bed. Weather cold. a great many men from our County, who are drafted, are here, and are daily arriving. they go into Camp in West Philadelphia. Tuesday Oct 28 [1862]. Rose at past 6 o'clock[.] went immediately after Breakfast to the Depot at IPA & Market St arrived too late for the morning train, had to wait until I/2 past 11. Weather fine to day. went to see my friend Wim Peacock, also Mr Chestnut & Mr Kohlhas, who were glad to see me, then walked about the city until time for starting. The train left the city at 1/2 past 11, the scenery along the route is splendid and romantic. stopped a few minutes at Downingtown[,] procured refreshments, passed through Lancaster, arrived at Harrisburg at 1/2 past 3 o'clock, went immediately to the office. Kept busy in the office. Wednesday Oct 29 (18623. Rose as usual d busy in the office, as usual. George S. KeiperM Sergi[,] brought a number of recruits from Allentown, very happy to see him. Sergt. Dennis of our Regrnt, also here. We went to the Gaieties this evening. After which we went to bed. John J. Krause & Mr. Seiple, also came with George, the men being substitutes. they came along to pay them their money. Retired at 11 o'clock. George staying with me (.3 Thursday Oct 30 [1862]. Rose as usual [,] busy all day. At noon Sergt Dennis left. In the evening, George, Mr. Krause, & Mr. Seiple also went home. I procured certificates (of the mustering in of the substitutes) for Mr. Krause and for which he gave me a bonus. Retired at 10 o'clock. Weather fine. Friday Oct 31 [1862]. Rose as usual [,] busy all day, to day being the last day of the month, pay rolls Scc must be made out, kept hard at it all day. Our Regt the 47th had a severe battle on the Charleston & Savannah R. R. Capt, Mickley,61 Capt junker,62 Sc some of the privates of our town were killed, and many others wounded.63 the Regiment is greatly praised for their gallantry. After Supper went to the Office The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 213 and wrote the foregoing entry. Went this morning and had Ambretypes64 taken to send to my relatives & friends. Heard to-day that an order was reed recalling our Recruiting officers[,] 47th P.V. [,] to their Regis. I will probably also go on with them. Weather fine [.] Friday Oct 51 f1862*). Rose as usual, busy all day. received a letter to-day from Alfred C. Pretz,65 informing me to be ready to accompany the Recruiting Officers, to the Regrni busy all day as usual. In the evening Dan. Mertz & myself went to the theatre. Saturday Nov. 1 (1862]. Rose as usual, busy all day. Weather getting cold. Nothing of importance to-day. Sunday Nov. 2 [1862]. Rose at 7 o'clock f.] after breakfast, went out to see the boys in Camp Curtin, remained there to dinner, visited Camp Simmons, which is crowded with drafted men, returned to the Hotel by 3. (2?] o'clock. In the evening D. H. Lytle66 (also a clerk in Capt Lane's office,) & myself went to Presbyterian Church, after which I retired. Monday Nov. 3 [1862]. Rose at 7. Went to the office [,] kept busy all day. To-day Maj. Gausier, Capt Hart and part of their permanent party arrived[.] I was very glad to see them. No news of any importance. Tuesday Nov. 4 [1862]. Rose as usual, nothing of any account. Wednesday Nov. 5 [1862]. Rose as usual. busy all day. was relieved to-day and ordered to report to Capt Harte for duty but was asked to remain until to-morrow. Went to Camp Curtin and drew an Overcoat for myself and one for Alfred C. Pretz, by his order. Retired at 10 o'clock. Thursday Nov. 6 [1862]. Rose as usual, busy all morning. at noon I was paid off, and immediately after dinner bid them all good bye and started for Allentown, where I arrived at 6 o'clock. Weather Cold. Friday Nov. 7 [1862]. Rose as usual. Snowing to day for the first time, snowed all last night, busy this morning shoveling snow from *Editor's note: This apparent error—a second entry for 31 October 315, in fact, an accurate transcription. Hornbeck obviously lost track of time, possibly due to stress from learning about the 47th P. V lasses at Antetion, and duplicated a single day's entry with sepan2te information. 214 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Pavement. went to see Old Grandmother, also went to see Uncle Tilghman. Spent the afternoon at Mrs. Leisenring's.67 After Supper Reuben & myself took a walk about town, and Frank Good, George Stonefeitz, Rob. Shields, Reuben Sc myself had a fine time serenading, but the music did not have much effect so we took to Snowballing and fun generally. Retired at 10. o'clock. Saturday Nov. 8 [1862]. Rose as usual, remained home most of the morning[.] went to Jonas George's Saloon, spent a part of time there. In the evening got Dan Fritz with his Violin and went about town and had a fine time generally. After which came home and soon retired. Sn6ving again all evening. Sunday Nov. 9 [1862]. Rose as usual, remained at Home all morning reading.] in the afternoon went to Jonas George's[, then met Frank, Reuben, & Shields. we then went to Rob. Shields room, and spent the remainder of the Afternoon there, he boards at the Eagle Hotel,68 and is a student of the Academy,69 formerly of the seminary. After Supper went to see Grandmother again, then went to Jonas George's Saloon, where George Stonefelz, at present is salesman Li" took a walk about town with the boys. then came home, and wrote a letter to Uncle Newhard, at present a Prisoner of War in Richmond Va. for Aunt Elernina[l I also wrote at the same time, she being very anxious to hear from him. Weather very cold. Monday Nov. 10 [1862]. Rose as usual. after breakfast, wrote the foregoing entry in diary. went down town, and bid the folks & relatives "Good bye." went and saw GrandmotherM bid her "good bye" then went to Aunt Elemina's, "my home," and took dinner. after bidding the family farewell, I went down to Uncle Tilghman's and Eugene went with me to the Dept[.] I there met the rest of the party who go on, and having bid Cousin Eugene "Good bye" we soon were on our way to New York, my old friend Reuben Leisenring goes along as far as New York and will stay with us a few days, having never traveled over the road from Easton to New York, it was quite a pleasure for me to see the fine towns and villages, as we pass through New Jersey, we arrived in the city at about 6 o'clock. We stopped at French's Hotel, opposite City Hall Sc Park, Kept on the European Style, and were Kindly allowed by Capt Harte to remain in the city, instead of going to Fort Hamilton. After supper we went to the Stadt The Civil War Diary of, Henry Jacob Hornbeck 215 Theatre (German) which was very good. After the performance was over, Capt Harte took us to Taylor's Saloon, and although I had heard much concerning the said Saloon, I never saw a place fitted out with such splendor and magnificence before, the place itself is a sight that should not be missed by any body visiting this place. After having witnessed this gorgeous place we came to the Hotel and retired, being about 12 o'clock. Tuesday Nov. 11 [1862]. Rose at 8 o'clock. After Breakfast, went with the Capp to report. we were told that the Ship would not leave until the latter part of the week. After dinner, we went to Barnum's Museum, and were very well pleased with the many sights of different animals, birds, reptiles &c. saw the Esquimaux71 Family and a great many other Curiosities[.] at 3 o'clock the theatre commenced and we witnessed the play of "Pauvrette or Under the Snow" which is a splendid farce, and was performed to perfection. After which we took Supper. After Supper we went to the Concert Hail (Reuben Leisenring[,] Frank Good & myself) and went to bed about 12 o'clock. Wednesday Nov. 12 (1862]. Rose at 8 o'clock[.] After breakfast, Reuben, Frank & myself took the City passenger Car and rode out to Central Park. we walked about considerably in the Park and were very well pleased for our trouble. returned to the Hotel. After dinner Reuben & myself again attended Barnum's Museum, and they played a Splendid piece, entitled "Isabelle or —p["1 which was as usual, performed to perfection. After Supper we went to the Bowery Theatre, and witnessed very good performance [.] retired about 12 o'clock. Thursday Nov. 13 (1862]. Rose at 8 o'clock[.] After breakfast we took a walk on Broadway, and also visited the Post Office. we then returned to the Hotel, and went with Capt. Harte to the Quarter Master Gent. who informed him that the ship, would leave to-morrow morning at 8. o'clock. After dinner went with Reuben to the Ferry, and bid him Good bye, as he leaves for home. after which Sergeant Bonstine, and myself saw that the boxes and baggage were all taken to the wharf, and saw them all put on board the Steam Ship Delaware, in which we go on to S.C. we got through with that job about 5 o'clock. we then took supper. After Supper went in the Billiard Room, witnessed persons playing, until 8 o'clock. Frank & myself then went 216 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine to our room, and I wrote to Sister Mary & to Aunt Elemina, informing them of my departure in the morning. I also wrote the foregoing entry in diary. Friday Nov. 14th (18621 Rose at 6 o'clock. After Breakfast we immediately went to Pier No [.) 4, and got on board the Steam Ship, DelawareL] Capt Cannon.72 we there met Alfred Ettinger and Philip Pretz, who bid us Good bye. we left at about 10. o'clock. stopped at Fort Hamilton, and took on board about 350 recruits of different regrn'ts in the South, consisting of the 8ili Maine, 9th Maine, 47th Pa. &c. also on board a few ladies. we were detained there until 1 o'clock, when we proceeded south, the weather being very fine. remained on deck until 6. o'clock, then went below[.] we are mostly all stowed in the hold of the vessel, and I having arranged my bunk prepared for sleep. Could not sleep very well on account of the rocking of the vessel. Arose next morning Saturday Nov. 151 very early and went on deck. we are now out on the ocean, and the dashing of the dark blue waves against the side of the vessel, causes a foam which is magnificent to behold, and during the night Sparkles like so many diamonds. we fare rather roughly, having nothing but hard Crackers. towards evening the sea became very rough, and we arc probably near "Hatteras. f"] retired about 8 o'clock. Sunday Nov. 16Ih [1862.] Rose at 4 o'clock, and went on deck. very stormy and the sea very high C.) passed Hatteras Light House early this morning which I saw in the distance, the sea becoming higher & higher[,] and our situation becoming more dangerous [E] about 11 o'clock, the Cook's Galley on the Port side was stove in," also the Captain's office. the Cargo was hurriedly removed to the Larboard74 side. All day it was truly alarming. Could not sleep to night on acEditor's Note: Hornbeck's notations for days of the week are incorrect for his entries dated 17 November through 23 November. In 1862, 17 November was a Monday; similarly, 24 November was also a Monday. Entries for Saturday, 29 November 1862, and subsequent days are correctly noted. Evidently Hornbeck lost track of the days during his steamship voyage to South Carolina. Even after his arrival on 17 November his entries are confused—possibly because he did not immediately settle into a military routine, or possibly because he may not have written his entries on a daily basis but, rather, caught up at some later time. The Civil War Dian) of Herny Jacob Hornbeck 217 count of the desperate state of affairs, expecting the Ship to part75 every minute, but she weathered it, and today[,] Monday Nov 171(,) it looks more calm. remained on deck all day, saw a great many of Mother Carey's Chicken's76 following the Ship, Also some very large fishes. towards evening there was another squall, but not of much effect remained on the lower deck, all night, watching the waves as the ship glided through, and thinking how soon, would we pass from life into death if the Ship should give way. There are a great many on board having sea sickness. it did not affect me much, and it is pitiable to see them. Tuesday[*] Nov. 17 [1862]. Nothing worthy of notice until 12 o'clock, when we caught a glimpse of the South Carolina Shore. Every one was happy to see land again and by about 2 o'clock, we saw in the distance Hilton Head, with the ships and Gun boats stationed at the entrance[.] we anchored off Hilton Head, between the Forts formerly called by the Rebels Walker and Beaureguard, and where the fight took place 1 year ago. A few officers and a Surgeon came on board, and after the papers being examined we proceeded to Hilton Head. there we all landed, and just as I landed I saw Wm if Weiss" of our place & reg't, who was very glad to see us, he having come down on a visit. we were again ordered on board the ship again, and proceeded towards Beaufort where the Regit is stationed, and which is 16 miles from the Head, but we anchored a few miles above the head, all night[.] early the next morning [,] Wednesday Nov. 18 [,3 we again proceeded on our way and arrived there at noon. the Scenery along the river is very romantic and beautiful and we saw a few negro soldiers which was a sight for us at first. Alexander Blumier" was the next friend we saw, he being at the landing. the boys were very happy to see us, most of them however being out on picket for 10 days, but will return to-morrow. Had a good dinner of Rice Soup. The next day[,] Thursday Nov. 19, the boys all came in and then there was another hand shaking, and Joy, we were assigned to Company also, Frank Good & myseifjoining Company G, formerly Commanded by Capt. Mickley [,] who was killed at the battle of Pocotaligo. no Captain at present.79 we were desirous of Joining Comp. FM Capp FlarteM but it was full. received a letter from Uncle Ebenezer which was forwarded from Harrisburg and followed me up. 218 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine Friday Nov. 20 (1862]. Rose at Reveille about 5 o'clock. After Breakfast W'm J Weiss & myself went down town, walked about, and saw the town. After dinner went to a Restaurant, and purchased some oranges and a pie, saw the boys drill. Supper at 5 o'clock immediately after Dress Parade. Sat around the Camp Fire in the evening. Roll call at 8 o'clock then went to bed. I am in the Sergeant's tent, our Messm consisting of Orderly Sergt. Chas. Hackman,81 Sergt Tilghman Dennis, Sergi. Thomas Leisenring82 (a good old friend) [,] Sergt. D. K. Diefenderfor,83 Solomon Wieder, Ezra Reinhard, Tim Donohue (a Comic Irishman D .] we have Jolly times. Cold this evening. Saturday Nov. 21 (1862]. Rose at the usual time. Breakfast immediately after Roll Call, then took a walk about Camp, went to the burying ground for the Privates about 1/2 mile from Camp, with John Lawall,84 Frank Good, saw the graves of a few belonging to our Regm't with whom I was acquainted at home, came back to Camp and sat about until dinner, 12M. After partaking of soup, and Salt pork, again took a walk, down on the beach, with John Lawall. when the tide is out plenty of oysters, can be procured. After Dress Parade which takes place every day at 1/2 past 4, took Supper then went to Wm Weiss' tent, he being Regimental Postmaster, and wrote a letter to Uncle Ebenezer & to Sister Mary[,] also to Aunt Elemina. Sent them each a Paper entitled "the New South" printed at Hilton Head, sent papers also to Brother Molton, Aunt Margaret and Cousin Eugene. After Roil Call retired. Sunday Nov 22 [1862]. Rose at Reveille. after breakfast, there was a grand Review by General Brannan85 of the Forces stationed about here. being the first of the kind I ever witnessed, it was very interesting to me. they presented a fine appearance. John Lawall, Wm J. Weiss & myself after dinner went to the burying ground in Beaufort, at the Old Church, and there saw the grave of General Mitchell.86 After Supper sat around until Roll Call, then retired. Weather warm & fine during the day & cold & damp at night. Monday Nov. 23 [18621. Rose at the usual time. Nothing of importance. we procured our Accoutrements, and Commenced drilling. this week Sergt Thomas Leisenring leaving us. visit the town occadsionally[.1 the Houses are all very nicely built having a spacious front, The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 219 with fine railings encompassing, and orange trees, shrubbery and flowers. Many of the Officers have their Quarters is (in?] Splendid abodes, and the remainder are occupied by the Isligger's.["] Oranges are ripening, bananas will be ripe soon. And often evenings in sitting around the Camp Fire we roast Sweet Potatoes. We have fresh bread every day and very often Molasses, one fare [s} pretty well and [we] have nothing to Complain [about]. Our picket line extends 10 Miles from Camp, where they have conversation frequently with the Rebel pickets. We have some good fun occasionally[,] a number of men taking hold of a blanket, and one laying himself there on, tossing him in the air. Nothing of importance further until Nov. 28th when I was ordered to report at the Ass't Adjt General's Office, having been detailed as Clerk. Kept busy there all day, copying Court Martial's. Luther Mennie is also Clerk here. Went to Camp in the evening, retired as usual, fine weather. [Saturday] Nov. 29, 1862. Rose at the usual time, went to the office, busy all day, writing, nothing of importance. I go to Camp every evening as there is a good deal of fun there. Sunday Nov. 30 [1862]. Rose at the usual time [.] went to the Office to-day alsof,1 as there is a great deal of work to do. Kept busy until 3 o'clock, then went to Camp. sat around Camp Fire until 8 o'clock, then refired, there is Preaching every Sabbath at the Old Church, and also Singing School a few evening's in the week[,] composed of members of the 471, which I attend occasionally. Monday Dec. 1 [1862). Rose as usual. Again kept pretty busy in Office. Nothing of importance, repaired to Camp as usual. Tuesday Dec. 2 [1862]. Rose as usual, Wrote 4 letters in the Afternoon, one to Brother Molton, one to Aunt Margaret, one to Reuben Leisenring & the last to Cowin Eugene, having received a Mail the day before from the North, with papers to the 25th inst. did not receive anything myself. neither did I expect any as yet, as Paul Balliet,89 (who came on with us to take back some dead bodies, and who again returned home after a week's visit) with whom I sent some letters, I could not expect an answer as yet. Went to Camp again after work was over and had fine fun this evening with John Frank Good, Samuel Smith,9° Joseph Kramer[,] Wm Weiss & others, 220 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine by tossing one in a blanket. Retired at 9 o'clock after Frank Good Sc myself had regaled ourselves on some Pie, purchased at the eating place of Wm Fried91 & Henry Troder of our Regrnt. Weather warm and troubled very much by Gnats and fleas. Wednesday Dec. Siml [1862.] Rose as usual. Not much to do after dinner, in the office, so I wrote the foregoing entry in diary, and read awhile. books are scattered all over having been left behind, with other things when the owners fled. As there only remained here one of the original white residents of the town and he is reputed to have been drunk, but which fact he now denies, I frequently drop in and purchase things from him. he is in the Dry Good & Grocery business and is doing a thriving business. the Niggers are the most ignorant set I ever saw, being very stupid. the weather to day is sultry, probably have rain before long. went to Camp after Suppert] retired at 8 o'clock. Thursday Dec. 4 [1862). Rose as usual. After Breakfast went to the Office, not very busy to-day[.] read a good while. After Supper went to Camp. drizzling all day. Frank Good & myself went to see John Lawa1lL1 Co. I. then we went to Will Fried's a[nd] purchased some pumpkin pie. After which went with Chas. Knauss[,]92 Co. B, to his tent and played a few games of Checires after which I went to bed. Still raining[l Friday Dec. 5 [1862]. Rose as usual. After Breakfast again went to Office[.] Not much to do to day. raining until 3 o'clock, when it cleared off. read again considerably. Copied also a choice piece of poetry. After Supper went to Camp as usual. Cold this evening and a shower. Cleared off Cold by 8 o'clock[.] Retired at 9. Saturday Dec. 6 [1862]. Rose as usual. Went to office [,] busy all morning. After dinner nothing to do, sat in office reading, wrote a letter to Sister Mary, then wrote foregoing enty in diary. sitting alone in the office, the other Clerks having gone out, I have reflected upon the happy times we had last year at this time when we were all assembled together, our beloved Mother still with us, and now so changedU all scattered, one North, two South, and one in the West. ah[,] those times never can we enjoy again, there is one kind one gone to her reward, and I trust we may all again, after our mission on The Civil War Diary °Mew), Jacob Hornbeck 221 earth is ended again[,) meet her and other dear one's there, thus is life. After Supper again went to Camp. Frank Sc myself attended singing School this evening in the Old Church, assisted this evening by a young Lady, a teacher of the Negro children, in town who, I am told frequently attends. After the Singing school, witnessed the Band playing at the Colonel's Head Quarters. After which Frank & myself again paid a visit to Wm Fried's eating Saloon Sc after regaling ourselves, I went with Frank to his berth. Our Company being out on picket to night I stayed with Frank, it being very cold to-night and his place is a good & warm little house built by Ed. Crader" & Peter Berndt, Frank's bedfellow's. I go to the house every evening where we enjoy ourselves in various ways. Sunday Dec. 7 (1862]. After Breakfast went to Office, remained there until 4. o'cl[ocik reading a book, (not having much to do to day) entitled "Winter in Spitzbergen." Supper at 4. o'clock being over, I went to Camp with Luther Mennig, witnessed "Dress Parade[,]" passed the evening with Frank, Tom Leisenring & others in Peter Bernd's house. After roll-call went to bed. Weather Cold to night. (Monday, Dec. 8, 1862.*) Rose as usual. After breakfast deposited in Regimental Post Office, 2 Letters that I wrote yesterday, one for Sister Mary Sc the other for George Storinfeldz, then went to office, busy all morning. After dinner[, not having anything to do, I concluded the book "Winter in Spitzbergen", very interesting. After supper went to Camp. there is a rumor afloat that our Reg' t was going to Key West Fla, After Roll call, Thomas Leisenring[,] Frank Good & myself went to Wm Fried and ate an Oyster pie, and Sweet Potatoe Custard, after which we retired. Cold as usual this evening.) Tuesday Dec. 9 [1862). Rose as usual. After Breakfast went to Office, busy all morning. After dinner again nothing to do, sat out on the Piazza, reading, in the warm sun. Splendid Weather today. After supper remained in Office until 6, o'clock, then went to Camp. Frank Editor's Note: No entry in Hornbeck's diary is dated 8 December. This separate paragraph (here editorially assigned the 8 December date) is possibly a continuation of the 7 December entry; however, because the following diary entry is marked 9 December, it it likely that Hornbeck merely neglected to label the undated paragraph. 222 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine & Myself then attended Singing School. this evening there were two Misses, Lady teachers termed Gideonites by the Soldiers, Sc Mrs. Rodrock, wife of the Chaplain of our Reg'mt, who assisted. After being over [,] Frank, Wm Weiss Sc Myself went with "Fadderr Heebner, Quartermaster, to his Quarters, remained there a short time. he then took us to Wm Fried's and treated us to pie, After which we went to our Separate quarters. I then retired. Weather very warm today & cool at night. Wednesday Dec. 10 [1862.] Rose as usual, then went to Office, tolerably busy all Morning. After dinner, nothing to do as usual, sat on the Piazza, in the warm sun conversing with Luther Mennig and Prof. Bainey (a German termed thus, also a clerk) Mil the 6111 Conn.) El read awhile, a book entided "Gil Bias." After Supper went to Camp, remained in Peter Berndt's house with Frank, Ed. Crader, Tom. Leisenring Sc James Knerr,95 Conversing, and relating anecdotes until 10 o'clock, then retired. Weather very fine all day. Thursday Dec. 11 [1862]. Rose as usual. Went to Office, busy all morning. After dinner read, a book entitled "Fifty Years in both Hemispheres," excellent. After Supper went to Camp. Spent the evening at P. Bernd's place. there was a Mail reed this evening, but I did not receive anything. it is reported that more letters will arrive from Hilton Head to-morrow evening, Sc so there is Slight hope of receiving something. No news of any account Retired at 9. o'clock. Weather very warm to-day, also not very cold to-night, Consequently troubled greatly by the fleas. Friday Dec. 12 [18621. Rose as usual. After Breakfast took a walk down Bay St. before going to the Office. Nothing to do hardly all day, therefore read most of the time. After Supper went to Camp, arrived in time to witness "Dress Parade" of our Regt which is a fine sight. This evening there arrived a newspaper Mail, nothing of importance. Comp. B. indulged in a dance this evening, had very good music, and a good deal of fun. Retired at 9 o'clock. Saturday Dec. 13 [1862j. Rose as usual. After Breakfast went to Office, busy all morning. nothing to do after dinner, read the papers reed from the North, dating to the 4th inst. After Supper went to Camp, then attended Singing School, after which I went to the The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 223 Colonel's Head Quarters[.] The news is that we are going to Key West Fla. on Monday the 15th[.] All seem glad, and I am very happy that at length the report is true. retired at 10 o'clock. Weather fine. Sunday Dec. 14 [1862]. Rose as usual. Went to Office, very busy all morning writing out orders, relieving all extra duty men of the 471 P.V. reed an order to draw my pay for the time engaged in the Office. wrote letters to Sister & others of our departure for Florida, then P1 went to Camp and prepared for leaving in the Morning. After Supper, Quarter Master fieebner,96 Tom. Leisenring and myself went to the "Stevens House" where we were treated by the Quartermaster Sc different Officers. Tom Sc myself then went back to Camp. the boys had a large bonfire made, and a good deal of fun is going on, being the last night in Beaufort S.C. retired at 10 o'clock. Monday Dec. 1% £1862]. Rose as usual. After Breakfast, packed up duds, and proceeded to the Wharf. drew my extra duty pay, at Capt. Coryell's97 office, Post Quartermaster, then got aboard the Steamer "Cosmopolitan". the whole Regiment embarked at about 12 o'clock. We did not get ready to start until 2 o'clock, having a large amount of baggage to be laden. The Band played a beautiful piece as we left the Wharf, along which were scattered the 551 Pa. [,1 h M[airde. to see us off & who gave us Three EAli Conn. [, and] 81hearty Cheers, which were as heartily responded to by us. The Sail from Beaufort to Hilton Head was one[,] the Scenery being so beautiful. Stopped a Short time at Hilton Head, and took a board the wounded of our Reg't. Gen'. Brannan also came on board for a few minutes, we then started. we seem to be unfortunate in travelling by sea, as our trip was very stormy, and we were in great danger all along. We were three days on the water, we kept rather close to shore, along the Florida Coast, and arrived at Key West Fla, on Thursday Morning at 11 o'clock. This is a fine place being very warm at noon. we immediately after landing, went into the Restaurants and regaled ourselves. Cool drinks are to be had in every shop, and every Kind of fruit in abundance, especially Cocoa Nuts, the place is full of Cocoa Nut Trees, Lemon trees Scc which bear the fruit abundantly. In the Afternoon Frank. Good, P. Bernd, E. Grader & Myself went to the beach to search for Sea shells which are very plenty but, the tide being high, we did not procure any of beauty. the Regiment is entirely divided, 224 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine 46111111141114K . 40144/10,1Fili#411015isgk.1 411w, dila a 1-4.41w 4P4M, 0 -444 Rin dis ..01111rmi IP liallialad111.0.1104h~ m.r • 41 aNDP'aSmftEht dr • ■ Til):11114J'Aiii\\\4; 144iP- 1 611Ail 4v iti!%4 7 1161*1;riti\ iLl 7j44: i3 N N4 1 ; 3 IN6% \ikvi,L iNi4N441 II A41 k 44 11 19 41 i N 1 v NO14:4 11q4i4olit\ %izk:Lcki cNLI 41\4: 14-144d1 Ni\ V A portion of Hornbeck's entry for Christmas Day 1862 The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 225 Four Companies[,3 D. H. K. & F. are sent to Fort Jefferson, Tortugas hid. to garrison said Fort. Two Companies, C 8c I, are in Fort Taylor, at this place, and Comps. B. & E. are in the Old Barracks, & Comps. A & G. are in the New Barracks, in which latter, I also am. we have very fine quarters, & am much better pleased than at Beaufort S. C. nothing of importance, further. I was detailed as Clerk in the Quartermasters Office on the 20th [.] Kept pretty busy, as Lt. Gibbs," Quartermastert) is relieved and turns over the Stores to F. Z. Heebner, his Successor. Wednesday Dec. 251 £1862.3 Christmas. No work at the Office th today. went to the Wharf and witnessed the departure of the 90— N.Y.S. Vols. for Beaufort, which Reg't we relieved. John LawailL1 Frank. Good & few others, then, took a walk about Key West. I forgot to mention that last evening we reed a mail from Beaufort. & I reed a letter from Sister Mary which was sent there [.] everything seems satisfactory at home Sc with them C.] very happy to hear from her. Saw also in the Allentown Democrat99 of EA inst. that Uncle, Capt. E. R. Newhard was paroled, and was home on furlough, very glad to hear that. Our Christmas dinner, was a "Pot Pie," which was very good, and is considered something extra in Camp. After dinner Peter Bernd & myself went out to the beach, and collected a lot of Curiosities in the shape of sea Shells. found some very fine ones. After Supper Frank Good, P. Bernd, Wm Steckelm & myself went to Catholic Church. it was a grand sight1,1 the Church being decorated with Spruce and with Cocoanut leaves, and a great number of Lights burning. After Church went to barracks and retired. The day here is celebrated like the 4112 of July in the North, firing Squibsm &c. this is a great week for the Negroes, they having dances and enjoying themselves all day long. This afternoon out, on the beach the Nigger "Gemman' 1'J 1°2 & ladies, had dancing until dark, to be again resumed to-morrow. How different this Christmas from last year when all was Joy at home. Mary & myself for the sake of a joyful surprise [,] placed upon the plate (before Breakfast) of Dear Mother, a Christmas Gift, and how pleased she was for that present, which was entirely unexpected. Now, alas, she is no more, never More Are We to see her in this world. No one who has not lost a dearly beloved Mother, can feel that loss or have the least idea of what the loss of his or her dearest friend on 226 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine earth is, until he or she experiences what we have, Standing at the death bed of a dying parent, and to feel as we felt, alone in this wide world. Retired at 10 o'clock. Retrospection is oftentimes pleasing and also horrifying. I wish you a "Merry Christmas." Dec 26 (1862.] Friday. Rose as usual. Not very busy this morning. To day we had a Turtle Soup, which was very good. Turtle are plenty here, Sc are found about the Islands of immense size. Witnessed a "Spanish fandango" this evening, Also a dance by Niggers, then went to Camp, where we also had music and a dance. Retired at 10 o'clock. Dec. 27 [1862]. Saturday. Rose as usual. Not busy to-day. Mess near the office with the Clerks & employees in this Office, having two niggers to do our Cooking, have very good meals. This evening the Band Serenaded the different Companies. went to Methodist Church where the Free Mason's met, and heard an address on Free Masonry, by Copt J. Gobinl°3 of our Reg't[.] very good lecture. After meeting was over went to the house with Luther Mennig, and we were Serenaded by Some members of Co. B. and E. very good music. Remained at the house all night. I lodge in Camp but mess in town. Dec. 28 [1862]. Sunday. After Breakfast went to Camp, and had a good wash.1°4 Went to town after dinner, with Wm Weiss. we purchased some Oranges at the wharf, after which we went to the house (our mess house) and I procured a Cocoa nut from a tree, which are very plenty here, after regaling ourselves on Cocoa nut, I went to our Quarters & Billy to his. Read the remainder of the after noon. After Supper D. Wannermacher,1°5 W. Weiss & Myself went to the Episcom pal Church. the church is finely decorated at present. Redred at 10 o'clock. Dec. 29 [18621. Monday. Rose as usual. After Breakfast, busy in Office. in the Afternoon wrote two letters[,] one to Aunt Elemina one to Sister Mary[,] as the Steamer Ericcson leaves for the North to-morrow. After Supper went to Barracks, retired at 9. o'clock. Dec. 30 [18621 Tuesday. Rose as usual. After Breakfast went to Office, Kept busy [.] the Steamer Transport returning from the Bank's The Civil War Dial of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 227 Expedition, putting in here to Coa1.1" After dinner wrote a Letter to Brother MoltonM also to Brother John. Slight sprinkling of rain this morning. Very warm this afternoon. After Supper went to Barracks[.] retired early. Dec. 31 [1862]. Wednesday. Rose as usual, busy all day, settling up accounts, and busy also on account of the many vessels in Port. Weather warm $e fine. The Regiment was to day mustered for pay. At 9 o'clock, the Band Serenaded us at the Barracks. We also had a "String Band, ["] Composed of Niggers, playing all evening. At 12 o'clock, a party Consisting of Wm' Hert.z,1°7 James Knerr, George Henry,1°8 Henry Reiss,109 Wm Steckel, Julius Lascon,114 James Geidner,111 Henry Getter112 & myself, visited the Captains & Lieuts of our Comp. & Comp A, being together in the New Barracks at the Lighthouse, and wished them a Happy New Year and fired a Salute[.] we were all called in and got something to drink, we then went out towards the beach, and visited Old Sandy, a great Union Nigger, and roused him up, and gave him a Salute, didn't get to bed until about 3 o'clock. [to be continued] Notes I. As a service to genealogical researchers, an attempt has been made wherever possible to identify persons mentioned in the Hornbeck diary. Military service, burial, and other pertinent details about Henry Hornbeck's friends and acquaintances are noted where available. Information cited in these notes is taken primarily from four sources: Samuel P. Bates, Histoty of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1851-5, Prepared in Compliance with Acts of the Legislature, 5 vols. (Harrisburg: B. Singerly, 1869, 1870, 1871), cited as Bates; Richard E. Matthews, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, in the Civil War (Lehighton, Pa.: Times News Printing, 1989) , cited as Matthews; Charles Rhoads Roberts et al., History of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, and a Genealogical and Biographical Record of& Families, 2 vols. (Allentown, Pa.: Lehigh Valley Publishing Co., Ltd., 1914), cited as Lehigh County History; and Lewis G. Schmidt, A Civil War Ilistory of the 47th Regiment of Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers (Allentown, Pa: Lewis G. Schmidt, 1986), cited as Schxnidt. 228 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine In addition, an attempt has been made to identify, through census records, some of the persons mentioned in the Hornbeck diary. Much of the census information is taken from the year 1850 so that two generations (the soldier and his parent[s] or guardianfsi ) can be identified. However, the census information provided is a "best guess" based on the soldier's name and age in 1850; it has not, been independently verified through other sources—Le., birth/baptismal records, tax records, wills, deeds, etc. Consequently, researchers should exercise extreme caution in its use and consult original documents whenever possible. Variant spellings of names appear as found in the various sources. 2. Except as noted, information for this section is taken from the family history notes and undocumented genealogy as it appears in the edition of Henry Jacob Hornbeck's diary as transcribed by Anne Leslie Hornbeck Pahre. The 1850 federal census lists the Hornbeck family as residents of the "South Ward": Mariah, age 32; Norton(Moiton), 8; Henry, 6; Mary, 5; and Charles(?), 2. Family records do not include a sibling named Charles. This child is probably John Westbrook Hornbeck, Henry's younger brother who was three years younger than sister Mary. The 1860 federal census lists: Maria Hornbeck, 40, Post Master; Henry, 18; Molton, 16; Mary, 14; John, 12; and Jane Martin, 70, a widow. In this census the ages of Henry and Molton are obviously switched; the seventy-year-old widow is Maria Hornbeck's widowed mother. A Molton Hornbeck, age 18, listed as a surgical student, is also enumerated in the 1860 census with the family of John E. Lawall, age 52, gentleman; Mary, 35; Edward, 26; Amelia, 23; Sabina, 21; John, 19; Allen 16; and Thomas Frock, 7. Since Melton's age is correct and the interest in medicine also significant, it appears that this is a duplicate entry, perhaps for census information taken on different days. The fact that the Hornbeck and Lawall families knew one another also cannot be ignored; Henry Jacob mentions soldier John Lawall in his diary (see note 86). Additional genealogical information for the Hornbeck family, appropriately documented, will be provided following the final installment of Henry Jacob's diary. 3. Molton Hornbeck was mustered into service for a nine-months' term on 4 Sep. 1862; he served as hospital steward with the 128th P.V.I. and was mustered out with the regiment 19 May 1863 (Bates, 4: 169). Molton returned from his war service and was graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1865. He engaged in a medical practice with his uncle, Dr. F. B. Martin, in Catasauqua, Pa., and after Dr. Martin's death in 1868, he assumed the entire practice. More complete biographical information on Dr. Molton Hornbeck can be found in Portrait and Biographical Record: Lehigh, Northampton and Carbon Counties, Pennsylvania (Chicago: Chapman Publishing Co., 1894), 464-65. Molton Hornbeck is buried in West Catasauqua Cemetery (Matthews, 170). 4. Charles Rhoads Roberts, ed., History of the Lehigh Valley, Past and Present (Allentown, Pa.: Pennsylvania Historical Publishing Co., 1943), 186; hereafter cited as Roberts. 5. Ibid., 306-07. 6. Lehigh County History, 1: 589, and Alfred Mathews and Austin N. Hungerford, History of the Counties of Lehigh and Carbon, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: Evans and Richards, I884}, 48; hereafter cited as Mathews and Hungerford. See also, Patricia Ann O'Connor, ed., Members of Congress Since 1789 The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 229 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1977), 69. Following his untimely death, John Westbrook Hornbeck was succeeded in the 30th Congress by Samuel A. Bridges (Roberts, 186.) 7. Mahlon H. Hellerich, ed., Allentown, 1762-1987: A 225-Year History, 2 vols. (Allentown, Pa.: Lehigh County Historical Society, 1987), 1: 75; hereafter cited as Allentown Historgy. A photograph of Maria E. Hornbeck also appears on the cited page. 8.Joan DeStaebler, telephone conversation with editor, 117 jun. 1994. 9. Ibid. Also, confirmation of Ms. DeStaebler's comments can be found in the "Lehigh County Patrons' Directory" of a Lehigh County atlas, which lists "Hornbeck, H. J., Secretary and Treasurer of Hernithe (sic) Iron Company, 509 Linden street" (F. A. Davis and H. L Kochersperger, New Illustrated Atlas olLehigh County, Pennsylvania [Evansville, Ind.: Unigraphic, Inc., 1977; orig. publ. 1876], 11; hereafter cited as Davis and Kochersperger). Amap of Allentown (Ibid., 26) shows the name "H. Hornbeck" as owner of a property located at 509 Linden Street, directly west of the Grace Episcopal Church. Information provided on Henry Hombeck's death certificate (see note 18) confirms that the Linden Street property was his residence rather than a business address. In 1994 the church still occupies the corner property; the property numbered 509 is now a law office. 10. Preston A. Barba, comp., They Came To Emmaus: A History (Bethlehem, Pa.: Lehigh Litho, Inc., 1960), 220. 11.DeStaebler, telephone conversation. 12.Ibid. 13.Photocopy records of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Allentown, Pa., 3 vols., held by the Scott Trexler Library, Lehigh County Historical Society, Allentown, 2: 144. 14.The 1860 federal census for Lower Saucon Twp., Northampton County, Pa., lists: Samuel Diehl, age 37, laborer; Elizabeth, 36; Tilghman, 13, Mahlon, 11; Leanna, 9; and Orlando, 4. Ms. DeStaebler provided the information that Elizabeth Diehl's maiden name was Doll. The St. John's Lutheran Church marriage records (see note 13) cite Leanna's address at the date of her marriage in 1869 as Allentown. Interestingly, four members of the Diehl family (other than Leanna) are buried in the Hornbeck plot at Union Cemetery, Allentown: Samuel Diehl, b. 27 Dec. 1822, d. 15 Jan. 1901; Elizabeth Diehl, b. 5 Oct 1824, d. 7 Jun. 1892; Dr. Mahlon Diehl, 1848-1892; and Milton Diehl, b. 7 Sep. 1852, d. Mar. 1855 (Charles F. Seng. comp., Allentown Union Cemetery, 4 vols. (Section I), TS, 1976) , 11; hereafter cited as Seng). 15.Hornbeck's Declaration for Invalid Pension is not numbered; the document, attested by Allen Lawall and Edwin H. Stine, names U. S. Eisenberg of Allentown as "his true and lawful attorney to prosecute his claim and directs that the sum of ten dollars be paid him for his services." 16. This document for Invalid Pension, filed in Lehigh County, contains two numbers: one is marked "Orig. 1,184,549," the other is "933114 Phila.' Both numbers are handwritten. On 5 May 1898, Hornbeck responded to a request from the Department ofinterior, Bureau of Pensions, for updated information; this document bears "Certificate No. 933,114." 17.Ibid. Two general affidavits were later executed, dated 17 Nov. 1898 and 23 May 1908, both confirming the marriage of Henry and Leanna. Inasmuch as Henry 230 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine died 30 Sep. 1898, it can be assumed that these two documents were necessary to validate and extend Leanna's widow's pension. 18. Certified Copy of Death Record, City of Allentown, Department of Health, as recorded in "Death Register," vol. 2, p. 22, signed by jno. A. McCafferty, Sec. Board of Health and Harry G. Stiles, Mayor of the City of Allentown, Pa, 19. Ibid. Henry Hornbeck is buried in section D, plot #502 (Seng, Section D, 1]). In 1876 Union Cemetery was bounded on the east by Tenth Street, the west by Eleventh Streets, and the south by Chew Street; to the north it extended to an unnamed street (today North Street) a half-block past Gordon Street (Davis and Kochersperger, 31). In later years the cemetery was expanded west to Twelfth Street and north to Liberty Street, and was renamed "Union and West End." 20. Information for this section is taken from the history of the 47th P.V.I. as recorded in Bates, 1: 1150-1156. 21. Col. Tilghman H. Good, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 24 Sep. 1861 and mustered out 24 Sep. 24,1864 at the expiration of his term of service (Bates, 1: 1157). Tilghman H. Good served as Mayor of Allentown 1869 to 1873, and again from 1874 to 1876, succeeding Dr. Theodore C. Yeager (see note 59), who died in office 14 Jan. 1874 and Herman Schuon, who completed Yeager's term (Allentown History, 2: 632). Col. Good died 18 Jul. 1887 (Lehigh County History, 313)and is buried in the Allentown-New Cemetery (Matthews, 16.5). For additional biographical information on Tilghman Good, consult the section "Lehigh County in the War of the Rebellion" in Mathews and Hungerford, 85-86. 22. The ten companies and location of recruitment for the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry are: Co. A, Easton, Northampton County, Co. B, Allentown, Lehigh County, Co. C, Sunbury, Northumberland County; Co. D, Bloomfield, Perry County; Co. E, Easton; Co. F, Catasauqua, Lehigh County; Co. G, Allentown; Co. H, Newport, Perry County; Co. I, Allentown; and Co. K, Allentown (Bates, 1: 1150). 23. Note that the history of the regiment in Bates, 1: 1862, erroneously gives the month as November. 24. Ira V. Brown, The Negro in Pennsylvania History, published as Pennsylvania History Studies: No. 11 (University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania Historical Association, 1970), 8. 25. Ibid., 37. 26.According to the 1860 U. S. Census ofAllentovai, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, no non-white residents were enumerated in the first through the fourth wards. Five non-white residents were listed in the fifth ward: Charles Shim, an eighteen-year-old male Negro listed as a servant in the household of Henry King, Attonieyrat-Law; Rose Libens, a thirtryear-old Negro female; Allen Libens, a ten-year-old Negro male, probably her son; Stephen Watson, a male Negro who was a seventeen-yeardold hotel porter, and Reuben Wilson, twenty-eight, a mulatto enumerated among the nine inmates in Lehigh County prison. 27. Alknown Histoty, 2: 630. 28. Ibid. 29. Capt. Edward/Edmund R. Newhard, Co. K, 54th was mustered into service for a three-year term 13 Dec. 1861; he resigned 8 Sep. 1863 (Bates, 2: X72). "On 4 Oct. 1862, Co. K was attacked at Little Cacapon [fifty miles west of htlartinsburg, The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 231 West Virginia) by General Imboden[of the Confederate cavalry]. Capt. Newhard and fifty of his men were captured." (Matthews, 16). "Held in Libby Prison [Virginia] as special hostages in case the Federal authorities executed Confederate guerrillas, as they had threatened, the men were under threat of mass retaliation by hanging" (Ibid., 47). Parole was granted 30 Nov. 1862 (Ibid., 49). Newhard (b. 12 Dec. 1819; d. 11 Mar. 1904) is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Ibid., 181, and Clarence E. Becket, comp., index by Ernesting Felker, Tombstone Records, Union Cemetery [TS, 1939; index, 1955), 760); hereafter cited as Beckel. The 1850 federal census for Allentown's "North Ward" includes in the Newhard family household: Edmund it, age 29; Bernina it, 25; Allis Jane, 5; Lewis M., 2; and Mary Detweiler, age 14, possibly a servant 30. In a search of the Bates volumes, through companies known to have been recruited in Lehigh County, no entry for James Martin could be found. One entry, however, lists a Jamison Martin, Co. C, 46th P.V.I., mustered into service 17 Aug. 1861, deserted 9 jun. 1862 (Bates, 1: 1126). If this is the James Martin in question, it is possible that an illness may have caused his failure appear for muster or an absence without leave while undergoing treatment, prompting a notation is his records of desertion. It is also possible that Hornbeck's cousin, James Martin, served with a regiment other than the Pennsylvania Volunteers; he may, in fact, have resided somewhere outside Pennsylvania. James Martin has not been located or identified in early records by his descendants. 31. Capt. Henry S. Harte/Hart of the 47th P.V.I. was mustered into service 30 Aug. 1861 and assigned to Cam. F ; he was mustered out 18 Sep. 1864 at the expiration of his three-year term of enlistment (Bates, 1: 1175). Harte was promoted to captain 30 Aug. 1861 and acted as major by brevet during the latter part of the Red River expedition and the beginning of the Shenandoah campaign (Lehigh County History, 317). He is buried in the West Catasauqua Cemetery (Matthews, 167). A reproduction of H. S. Hart's signature appears in Schmidt, 858. 32. Pvt. Franklin T. Good, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 8 Sep. 1862 and discharged by order of the War Department 13 Aug. 1864 (Bates, 1: 1179, and Lehigh County History, 320). Good is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 165). 33. "Inst.." means "instants or present, current (e.g., 10th inst., or the tenth day of the current month). 34. " [0]ur place* is Allentown and/or Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. 35. Four companies were raised in Allentown by wards between 4 Sep. and 15 Sep. 1862 and attached to the 5th Militia Regiment cornanded by Col. Henry Longnecker, an Allentonian who was a veteran of the Mexican War. Capt. Isaac Gregory, Co. C, was recruited from the Ord ward (Matthews, 20). 36. Ibid. Capt. William S. Marx, Co. E, was recruited from the 2nd ward (see note 35). 37. Ibid. Capt. George B. Shall, Co. G, was recruited from the 5th ward (see note 35). 38, Ibid. Capt. William H. Hoffman, Co. H, was recruited from the 4th ward (see note 35). 39. Pvt. George Keck, of Allentown, and Pvt Franklin Bloss, of Washington Twp., were both mustered into service 13 Aug. 1862 and assigned to Co. D, 128th P.V.I. Both privates were killed in action 17 Sep. at Antietam, Maryland. (Bates, 4: 174-5 232 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine and Matthews, 20). Burial records for St John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Allentown (2: 2, entry no. 4), contain the following information: date of burial, Sep. 25,1868; George S. Keck (b. 17 jan. 1840; d. 17 Sep. 1862), son of Solom. and Anna Keck; bur. Allentown Cemeterr, " (Entered by Mr. B. W. Schumacker having attended the burial after removal to Easton, Penna.)" The wounded men of Co. 1), 128th PAU., in addition to William Sowden and Mahlon Biery (see notes 42 and 43), were Pvt. Edward Bloss, Co. 0, of Washington 'Poop., mustered into service 13 Aug. 1862 and discharged 19 Mar. 1863 for wounds received at Antietam (Bates, 4:174), and Pvt. Aaron Frederick, Co. 0, mustered into service 13 Aug. 1862, wounded at Antietem 17 Sep. 1862, and mustered out with his company 19 May 1863 (Bates, 4 174, and Matthews, 20). Other soldiers from Co. D, 128th P.V.I., all wounded 17 Sep. 1862 at Anteitam were: Pvt. Allen Blank, mustered into service 13 Aug. 1862, mustered out with the company 19 May 1863 (Bates, 4: 174); David H. Madders, mustered into service 13 Aug. 1862, missing in action 2 May 1865 at Chancellorsville, Va. (Bates, 4: 175); and Charles Snyder, mustered into service 13 Aug. 1862, mustered out with the company 19 May 1865 (Bates, 4:175). Charles Snyder (b. 25 Feb. 1842; d. 6 Oct. 1907) is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Becket, 101). 40. Pvt, Franklin S. Ritter of Allentown, assigned to Co. G, 128th P.V.I. was mustered into service 12 Aug. 1862 and killed in action at Antietam, Maryland, 17 Sep. 1862 (Bates, 4: 179). The 1850 census records for Allentown include a family with a child Franklin who could possibly be the soldier of the 128th P.V.I. This family included Jacob H. Ritter, 46, cooper; Hannah, 45; Mary E., 20; Sarah C., 18; Lewis, 16; Malinda A., 14; Charles J.,11; Andrew, 8; and Franklin, 6. Other men of Co. G, 128th P.V.I., killed at Antietam 17 Sep. 1862 were Sgt Henry Weller of Heidelberg (Bates, 4: 178, and Matthews, 20) and Pvt. Henry Luckenbill (Lucenbill) of North Whitehall (Bates, 4:179, and Matthews, 20), both were mustered into service 12 Aug. 1862. "Twelve others in Company G. sustained wounds* at Antietam (Matthews, 20). Matthews does not name them, and their identities could not be determined from the list of soldiers serving in Co. G of the 128th P.V.I. (Bates, 4:1779) because the compiler does not here provide notations of wounds in the "Remarks" column, as is the practice in most of his other lists of company personnel. 4L William W. Hamersly, 128th P.V.I., was mustered into service 14 Aug. 1862, promoted from captain, Co. G, to lieutenant colonel 25 Aug. 1862 (Bates, 4: 168); he was "severely wounded" 17 Sep. 1862 at Atientam, Md. and "borne from the field" (Ibid., 4: 167). Hamersley, "whose arm had been teraribly tom and mutilated, [and) being permanently disabled by the wounds received at Antietam, resigned" (Ibid.) and was discharged on a surgeon's certificate 31 Jan. 1863 (Ibid., 168). Hanunersly is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 167). 42. Corp. William H. Sowden was mustered into Co. D, 128th P.V.I., 13 Aug. 1862; he was wounded at Antietam, Maryland, 17 Sep. 1862, and was mustered out with the company 19 May 1863 (Bates, 4: 174). Sowden is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 191). 43. Pvt. Mahlon Biery/Beazy was mustered into Co. D, 128th P.V.I., 13 Aug. 1862; he was wounded at Antietam, Maryland, 17 Sep. 1862 and mustered out with the company 19 May 1863 (Bates, 1: 174). Biery is buried in Allentown-New Cemetery (Matthews, 154). The Civil War Diary offfenty Jacob Hornbeck 233 44 Pvt., William Haas was mustered into Co. Cr, 128th P.V.I., 12 Aug. 1862 and mustered out with his company 19 May 1863; he is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 168). 45.The "River" is the Susquehanna River. 46.George S. Good, 84th P.V.I., enlisted for a threelear term 17 Nov. 1862 arid was promoted from 2nd lieutenant to 1st lieutenant on 1 May1863; he was wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, Va., 3 May 1863, and also captured at Mine Run 30 Nov. 1863; he was discharged from service 31 Dec. 1864 (Bates, 2: 1331). A 2nd lieutenant George H. Good, Co. E, 202nd P.V.I., (b. 14 Sep. 1840; d. 25 Dec. 1915) is buried in Sec. F, Row 6, Greenwood Cemetery, Allentown (Linda M. Mosek and Fran Kushina, comps., Givenwood Cemetery [TS, 1985], 95, and Matthews, 165). 47."PN." is Pennsylvania Volunteers; also referred to as "P.V.I.," or Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. 48. Henry T. Dennis, Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861, promoted to corporal 26 Apr. 1864, promoted to sergeant 1 Nov. 1864 and to 1st sergeant 14 May 1865; he was mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1:1175, and Lehigh County History, 319). 49. Maj. William H. Gausler, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 24 Sep, 1861 and discharged by Surgeon's Order of the War Department 15 Apr. 1864 (Bates, 1: 115'x. He died 16 Mar. 1914 (Lehigh County Histoty, 814). For additional biographical information on Maj. Gausler, see Mathews and Hungerford, 86. 50. New Jersey. 51.New York State. 52.Pvt. Francis H. Straehly, Co. B, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 16 Oct 1862 and mustered out 15 Oct. 1865 at the expiration of his term (Bates, 1: 1162). Lehigh County History, 314, confirms the Bates muster in/out dates but lists Straehly's rank as corporal without giving date of promotion. Francis Straehly (b. 15 Jan. 1846; d. 9 Nov. 1913) is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Beckel, 107, and Matthews, 191 53. Pvt. Henry A. Schwartz/Swartz, Co. )3, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 16 Oct 1862 and mustered out 15 Oct. 1865 at the expiration of his term (Bates, 1: 1162) Lehigh, County History, 314, lists a Henry A. Schwartz, corporal, with identical muster in/out dates. According to Matthews, 192, a Corp. Henry Swartz is buried in the Allentown—New Cemetery. Census records, 1850, for Upper Macungie Twp., Lehigh County, list this family to which Henry A. Swartz of the 47th P.V.I. may have belonged: Jacob Swartz, 51, farmer; Hanna, 43; Amillia, 17; Amena, 13; Maryan, 12; Henry, 9, Rebecca, 6; Nathan Poh, 28, shoemaker, and Margrade Swartz, 77 (probably Jacob Swartz's mother). 54. The name of Reuben P. Leisenring could not be found in military records, but the 1850 federal census would indicate that Reuben was a brother to Thomas Leisenring (see note 8Y). Persons listed in the 1850 census (Allentown, North Ward) are: Catharine Leisenring age 35; Thomas, 12; Reuben, 9; Jacob, 6; Susan, 5; and Lyda, 2. R. S. Leisenring (Reuben?) signed as Assistant Marshall for the 1870 U.S. Census in Allentown, Lehigh County, Pa. 55. Corp. Daniel F. Mertz, Co. K. 54th P.V.I., was mustered into service 22 Oct. 1861; he deserted 6 Oct. 1862 (Bates, 2: 172). If Batts' information is correct, then Hornbeck met with Mertz after his desertion. 234 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine 56. The Daniel Mertz referred to here is probably Daniel V. Mertz, who was recruited at Allentown into Co. G, 47th P.V.I., mustered in 15 Dec. 1863, promoted to corporal 1 Nov. 1864, to sergeant 1 Feb. 1865, and mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1178, and Lehigh County 114tory, 519) . 57. "Reg-al" means "fit for a king"; "regaled ourselves" as used by Hornbeck means partaking of a meal of notable excellence, literally but not necessarily suitable for royalty. 58. The "John" referred to here is not John, Henry's brother, but rather John Westbrook Hornbeck, Henry's father. 59. Dr. Theodore Yeager, who married Henry Hombecies cousin Emma Wilson, was elected mayor of Allentown in 1875; he died in office 14 Jan. 1874 (Allentown History, 2: 632). 60. The American Hotel was located at Sixth and Hamilton streets (photograph (ca. 1872], Allentown Hiskny, 1: 259). Today (1994) another hotel, the Raddison, is operated at this same location. 61. Capt. Charles Mickley, Co. Cr, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861, promoted to captain 18 Sep. 1861, and killed at Pocotaligo, S.C., 22 Oct. 1862 (Bates, 1: 1178); "body returned" (Schmidt, 864). Mickley is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Lehigh County History, 319, and Matthews, 179). 62. Capt. George Junker, Co. K, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 21 Aug. 1861, promoted to captain 17 Sep. 1861, and died at Hilton Head, S.C., 25 Oct 1862, of wounds received at Pocotaligo, SC, 22 Oct. 1862 (Bates, 1: 1187); "body returned" (Schmidt, 864). 63. The men of the 47th P.V.I. recruited in Lehigh County who were killed in action or died from wounds suffered in the battles of Frampton and Pocotaligo were Pvt. Nathan George, (died of grape shot wounds, right arm, 14 Nov. 1862; body returned) and Pvt. William Kern (died of wounds, left side, 23 Oct. 1862; body buried at sea) of Co. B; Pvt. John Obrien (died of wounds to the face, 26 Oct. 1862) of Co. F; Pvt. Benjamin Diehl (died in battle, Pocotaligo), Pvt. Jacob (Jonas) Knapenberger (died in battle, Pocotaligo), Pvt. John Kuntz (died in battle, Pocotaligo), Pvt. John Heil (died of severe leg wounds, 4 Nov. 1862; buried Sec. 57, #4282), and Pit Franklin Oland (died of severe leg wounds, 30 Oct. 1862; buried Sec. 37, #4290) of Co. G; and Pvt. Lewis Druckenrniller (died in battle, Pocotaligo) and Pvt. Jeremiah Metz (died in battle, Frampton) of Co. 1. Also killed were 1st Sgt. Allen Gaumer (killed in action, Frampton) and Corp. Aaron F. Fink (died of wounds to right leg, 5 Nov. 1862; body returned) of Co. B. (Schmidt, 863-66). The wounded soldiers recruited from Lehigh County were Pvt. Martin Leisenring (wounded in right leg, Frampton), Pvt. Obediah Pfeiffer (wounded in left leg), Pvt. Raymond Haldeman (wounded in left arm, Pocotaligo), Pvt. Ernest Rudman (wounded in right knee, Frampton), Pvt. Charles Savitz (wounded in first finger of right hand, Frampton), Pvt. John Wieand (wounded with loss of left leg below knee), and Pvt. Benjamin Ifficand (wounded in right thigh) of Co. B; Pvt. Peter Moser (wounded in arm), Pvt. William Fink (wounded in thigh), and Pvt. Charles King (wounded in arm) of Co. F; Pvt. Richard Ambron (wounded slightly in neck), Pvt. Jacob Beidelman (wounded slightly in hand) Pvt Reiky Fernwald (wounded slightly in head), Pvt. Joseph Halmeyer (wounded slightly in back), Pvt. William Hensler (wounded slightly in head), Pvt. Franklin Huffert (wounded slightly in foot), Pvt. Allen Kemmerer (wounded slightly in both legs), Pvt. William R Kramer (wounded slightly in both sides), Pvt. FranklinMoyer (wounded slightly in hip), Pvt. George The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 235 Haber (wounded slightly in head), and Pvt. David Wieder (wounded slightly in leg) of Co. G; and Pvt. Daniel Kramer (flesh wound) of Co. 1. Also wounded were Corp. Augustus Eberhart (wounded both legs) of Co. F, and Corp. Edwin Dreisbach (slightly wounded) of Co. I (Ibid., and Lewis Schmidt, The Battle ofPocotaligo, October 22, 1862 [Allentown, Pa.: Lewis Schmidt, 1993], 264, 266-67). 64. Ambrotype is a nineteenth-century form of "photograph," a picture or positive made using a glass negative combined with a dark background. 65. Pvt. Alfred C. Pretz, Co. I, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 10 Sep. 1862 and transferred to the 2d Florida Cavalry 31 Mar. 1864 (Bates, 1: 1186).The 1850 federal census for Allentown's "North Ward" lists the family of Alfred C. Pretz, 49, merchant, Abegail, 42; Phillip, 17; Alfred, 11; Henry, 7, William, 2; and Christianna, 77. The eleven-year-old is probably the Alfred Prez that Hornbeck mentions. Infections and diseases took a heavy toll on Civil War soldiers. "A member of the 47th, Pvt. Alfred C. Pretz, reported some personal measures taken by himself and his associates in regard to prevention of infection from mosquito bites, as he wrote `liquid ammonia was kept in the office for the purpose ofwashing the skin where the little stingers have sown their venom" (Schmidt, 149). 66. Decatur H. Lytle was recruited in Mifflin County 9 Sep. 1861 to serve with the 49th P.V.I.; he was promoted from sergeant, Co. C, to 1st lieutenant 4 Mar. 1864, and was killed at Spousylvania 10 May 1864 (Bates, 1: 1270). 67. Mrs. Leisenring is the mother of Thomas and Reuben, both frequently named in the Hornbeck diary. See note 54 for 1850 census information on this family; since no adult male is listed, Mr. Leisenring was either deceased at the time or, at least, not living with his wife and children. 68. The Eagle Hotel was located on the northwest corner of 7th and Hamilton streets in Allentown (photograph [ca. 1872], Allentown History, 1: 274). 69. The "Academy" refers to the Allentown Academy, a private secondary school located on the northwest corner of Eighth and Walnut streets. The first classes at the Academy were held between 1823 and 1827 (Allentown Ilistooly, 1: 127). According to Ms. DeStaehler, Henry J. Hornbeck, received his early education at this school. Allentown Academy did not survive financial difficulties following the Civil War (Ibid., 1: 248). 70. "Salesman" in this context probably means bartender. 71. "Fsquimaux," if pronounced as in French, would be "Eskimo"; it is indeed possible that an "Eskimo Family" would be a curiosity to a mid-nineteenth-century Pennsylvanian with limited travel experience. 72. Text of the diary reads "Steam Ship, Delaware Capt. Cannon." An editorial comma has been placed between "Delaware" and "Capt." because it is assumed that the steamship was not named "Delaware Capt Cannon" but, rather, merely "Dela ware" and that the captain's name was "Cannon." 73. To be "stove in" means to be damaged, probably in the form of indentation to the ship's hull, caused by the weather or some other unnamed force. 74. Larboard, also called the port, or left side of the ship (cf. starboard, or right side). 75. Expecting the "Ship to part" means an expectation of breaking apart, thus probably sinking. 236 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine 76."Mother Carey's Chickens" is probably Civil War period's slang reference to seagulls. 77.Pvt. William J. Weiss, Co. B, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 30 Aug. 1861 and mustered out 18 Sep. 1864 at the expiration of his term (Bates, 1: 1165, and Lehigh CounV History, 316). Seng (Section B STS, 19761, 48) lists the grave of W. J. Weiss, without birth or death dates, in plot #291, grave 2, Union Ce me tery, Allentown. A search of the 1850 federal census reveals two possibilities to identify the family of William Weiss. In an Allentown household there was an Enoch Weiss, 40; Eliza, 33; Francis, 14, William, 9; Amanda, 4, and Allen 1-1, 1. Another family in Washington INT., Lehigh County, included: William Weiss, 53, laborer; Salome, 32; Eve, 10; William, Sr Daniel, 7; and Henry, 2. In these families, both the nine-year-old or the eight-year old would be of an appropriate age to have been Horribeck's friend mentioned in the diary. 78.Pvt. Alexander Blumer/Blumier, Co. B, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 30 Aug. 1861 and mustered out 18 Sep. 1864 at the expiration of his term (Bates, 1: 1162, and Lehigh County History, 315). A soldier named Henry Alexander Blurrier is buried in Union Cemetery; according to the notation in Seng (Section I), 2), Henry Alexander Wilmer, son of Wm. H. and Mary Blumer, b. 21 Nov. 1838, d. 12 Oct. 1862 "on board the Transport Steamer 'United States' on his way to Beaufort, S.C. to join the 47 P.V.I. P.V., Col. Good." Although only one Blumer/Blumier is listed with the Bates lists of the 47th, it is unlikely that these two men are one and the same, despite the given name Alexander. If Henry Alexander died 12 Oct. 1862, he could not possibly have greeted Henry Jacob Hornbeck upon arrival at Beaufort, S.C. (see diary entry for 17 Nov. 1862). The most likely explanation for the absence of Henry Alexander Blumer's name in the Bates is that he might have been on his way to Beaufort to join the 47th W. as the result of a transfer from another regiment. 79. Although the Co. G of the 47th P.V.I. had "no Captain at present" (19 Nov. 1862), Thomas Leisenring, an Allentown friend of Henry Hornbeck, later became captain of Co. G (see note 82). 80. Mess is a group regularly taking meals together, the meal so taken; to supply with meals. 81.No Orderly Sgt, Charles Hackman could be found in the Bates records for the 47th P.V.I. The list of field and staff officers, however, includes a Charles Backman: mustered into service 20 Aug. 1861, promoted to sergeant 1 Aug. 1864, wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., 19 Oct. 1864, promoted from Co. B to commisary sergeant Nov. 1865, and mustered out with the regiment 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1157, 1162), Schmidt, 858, reproduces a signature of "Charles A Hackman, 2nd Lieut. of Co. G, 47 ET."; another signature reproduction, "C. A. Hackman, 2nd Lieur also appears (Ibid., 860). This may be the man Bates recorded as "Backman"; if so, then Bates had incomplete information regarding promotion of rank. It is possible that Bates recorded an incorrect year for the 1 Nov. promotion of Backman, and that this man is the soldier Hornbeck refers to in his list of sergeants sharing mess. Lehigh County History, 314, lists a Sgt. Charles Bachman whose military service record matches that of the Charles Backman listed by Bates. A Charles Bachman, a sergeant of Co. B, 47th P.V.I., is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 154). 82. Thomas B. Leisenring, Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861, promoted from sergeant to 1st lieutenant 19 Sep. 1864, promoted to captain The Civil War Diary ofRimy Jacob Hornbeck 237 1 Jan. 1865, and mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1178). Leiseming died 13 jun. 1887 (Lehigh County History, 319). W. D. K. Diefenderfor/Deifendefer, Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861, was promoted from corporal to sergeant 1 Apr. 1862, and to 1st sergeant 1 May 1865, and was mustered out 18 Sep. 1864 at the expiration of his term (Bates, 1: 1178, and Lehigh County History, 319). For a reproduction of Diefenderfer's signature, see Schmidt, 858. 84. On 22 Jan. 1862 Brig. Gen. Brannan, then commanding the Third Bngate, ordered tlx 47th P.V.L to accompany him to Key West, Florida. After arrival there on 4 Feb. 1862, the 47th joined with the 7th New Hampshire and the 90th and 91st New York—the entire brigade under command of Gen. Brannan (Bates, 1: 1151). 85."Gen. O. M. Mitchell assumed command of the Department of the South on the 16th of Sep. [1862], and an expedition was soon after fitted out to penetrate Florida, and remove the obstructions in the St. John's River" (Ibid.). Gen. Mitchell died 30 Sep. 1862 at Hilton Head, S.0 (Ibid., 1152). 86.PA. John J. Lawall, Co. I, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 17 Sep. 1862 and mustered out by General Order, I jun. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1186, and Lehigh County History, 322). 87.Pvt. Luther Mennig, Co. B, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 30 Aug. 1861 and mustered out 18 Sep. 1864 at the expiration of his term (Bates, 1:1168). Luther Mennig (b. 21 Jun. 1841; d. 19 Aug. 1914) is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Becket, 112). Lehigh County History, 515, does not list Luther Mennigwith the soldiers serving in Co. 11; included, however, is a George Mennig, mustered in 18 Jan. 1864, mustered out with his company 25 Dec. 1865—obviously not the Mennig mentioned by Hornbeck. e paired" within Hornbeck's context here means returned. 89. In 1863 Paul Ballet was associated with his brother Aaron, owner of an iron mine at Ironton and "the leading figure in the Lehigh Valley Iron Company in Coplays (Alkntown History, 1: 145). Paul Balliet was also an undertaker in Allentown who travelled to Hilton Head, S.C., "for the purpose of bringing home the remains of deceased soldiers belonging to the county [Lehigh Co.)* (Matthews, 137). "Pvt. Henry Zeppenfelt of Company G died on Wednesday, September 10, in the general hospital in Beaufort. The 30 year old, 6 1 1.5" former baker from Allentown who had been born in Prussia, Germany died of typhoid fever. His was one of the bodies returned home on November 29, 1862, on the transport Delaware by under taker Paul Balliet of Allentown. His remains were buried in the Union West End Cemetery on Sunday, November 3" (Schmidt, 190). 90.Pvt. Samuel Smith, Co. F, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 30 Aug. 1861 and discharged on a surgeon's certificate 12 Apr. 1862 (Bates, 1:1177); he is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 190). 91. Pvt. William H. Fried, Co. F, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 30 Aug. 1861; he was discharged on a surgeon's certificate 26 Sep. 1864 (Bates, 1: 1176). On 25 Jan. 1864, the 47th P.V.I. presented a play at Fort Jefferson in the Dry Tortugas. The "thrilling domestic melo drama (sic] (from the pen of Mr. J. L Dennett, the stage manager)* was called "Charles Brandon or The Gambler's Fate. Pvt. Wm. H. Fried performed as "airiton (a rui blackleg seducer)" (Schmidt, 869). No definition of 'rui" could be found; "blackleg" is a "cheating gamester" (Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionapy, s.v 'blackleg."} 88. " 238 The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine 92. Charles H. Knauss, Co. B, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 4 Sep. 1861, promoted to corporal 4 Oct. 1865, wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., 19 Ocober 1864, and mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1162.). 95. Pvt. Edwin K, Crader, Co. 0, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861 and mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1179). An Edwin K. Crader is listed in Lehigh County History, 319, without additional military information. The 1850 federal census for Allentown, Lehigh Co., Pa. lists a James treader, age 37, shoemaker, with his wife Matilda, 31, and four children: Edwin, 104, James W., 8; Thomas, 4; and Mary 2. In 1862 this Edwin would have been twenty-two years old. 94. Pvt. Peter H. Bernd/Berndt, Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861 and mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1179). A Peter H. Bernd is listed in Lehigh County History, 319, without additional military information. 95. Pvt. James H. Knerr, Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into sevice 18 Sep. 1861 and mustered out 18 Sep. 1864 at the expiration of his term (Bates, 1: 1180, and Lehigh County History, 320). This is probably the James Knerr that Hornbeck refers to in his diary entry. Another James Knerr joined the 47th at a later date: Pvt. James E. Knerr, Co. K, was mustered into service 15 Feb. 1865 and mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1189, and Lehigh County History, 324). 96. Francis Z. Heebner, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 14 Sep. 1861 and promoted from private, Co. B, to quartermaster 20 Jan. 1862; he was a prisoner of war from Oct. 1864 to Mar. 1865, and was mustered out 1 jun. 1865 at the expiration of his term (Bates, 1: 1157). Bates (1: 1163) also lists Francis Z. Heebner with Co. B, but incorrectly states that he was promoted to quartermaster sergeant 14 Sep. 1861, the same day he was mustered into service. Heebner (b. 25 May 1829) died 22 Nov. 1896 at Washington, D.C., and is buried in plot #300, grave S at Union Cemetery, Allentown (Lehigh County History, 314; Matthews, 168; and Seng [Section C, TS, 1976], 122). 97. Capt. Thomas F. Coryell, Co. F, 214th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Mar. 1865 for a one-year term; he was discharged 25 Sep. 1865 (Bates, 5: 828). 98. Morris W. Gibbs was mustered into service 4 Sep. 1862; he was promoted from 1st sergeant, Independent Co. C, P.V., to 2nd lieutenant, Independent Battery II (John 1. Nevin's) 22 Jul. 1864, and was mustered out with the battery 18 Jun. 1865 (Bates, 5: 906). 99. "In 1860 six weekly and three semi-monthly newspapers served readers in Allentown and Lehigh County. Four weeklies—DerThi(kruliote (the Peace Messenger), Unabhaengige Republikaner (the Independent Republican), Welt Rote (the World Messenger), and Lecha Patriot (the Lehigh Patriot) were published in German and two—the Allentown Democrat and Lehigh Register—were published in English" (Allentown History, 1: 159). During the Civil War the Allentown Democrat was a weekly edited by C. Frank Haines (Allentown History,1: 142). Originally published as the Lehigh Bulletin from 1857 to 1847, it was named the Allentown Democrat in 1847 and was published, at various times as both a daily and a weekly, until 1919 ("Allentown Newspapers: A Chronological List," Lehigh County Historical Society, Allentown, 1). 100. William H. Steckel, Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861, promoted to sergeant 1 Nov. 1864, promoted to Est lieutenant 1 Jan. 1865, and was mustered out with his company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1178, and Lehigh County History, 319). Steckel is buried in Highland Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 191). The Civil War Diary of Henry Jacob Hornbeck 239 101."Squibs" are fireworks consisting of tubes or balls filled with powder that burn with a hissing noise and terminate, usually, with a slight explosion. (Pahre transcription of the Hornbeck diary, "Glossary") . 102. "Gemman" is probably liombeck's interpretation of the dialectal rendition of "gentlemen." 103. Capt, J. P. Shindle Gobin of the 47th P.V.I. was mustered into service 2 Sep. 1861; he was promoted from captain in Co. C to major 243u1. 1864, to lieutenant colonel, 4 Nov. 1864, to colonel, SJan. 1865, to brev. brigadier general 13 Mar. 1865, and was mustered out with the regiment 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1157). Gobin was recruited into the 47th P.V. from Sunbury; he died 1 May 1910 (Lehigh County Histoty, 313), 104. To have a "good wash" is to bathe oneself'. 105. Pvt. 1). WannennacheriNiVannermaker, Co. I, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 10 Sep. 1862 and mustered out by General Order, 1 Jun. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1187). Lehigh County History, 323, gives Wannermakees first name as Daniel. A Daniel Wannamaker of the 47th P.V.I. is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 194). In the 1850 federal census, no WannermacheriVannerrnaker family in Allentown could be matched to Hornbeck's soldier acquaintance. In Lynn Twp., Lehigh County, however, resided this family: Daniel Wannamacker, 31, farmer; Maria, 31; Daniel, 6; Anna, 5; Maria, 3; Reuben, 9 mos. The sinear-old Daniel may possibly be the D. Wannermacher of Hornbeck's diary. 106. A steamer "putting in . . to Coal" would be docked for refueling. 107. Pvt. William Hertz, Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861 and mustered out with the company 25 Dec 1865 (Bates, 1: 1179). William Hertz is listed in Lehigh County History, 320, without additional military information. 108. Pvt. George T. Henry, Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861 and mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1179 and Lehigh County Histitny, 320). Henry is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 169). 109.Pvt. Henry G. Reiss/Rice, Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861 and mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1180). His name does not appear among the Lehigh County History list of soldiers in Co. G. Henry Rice is buried in Union Cemetery, Allentown (Matthews, 185). 110.The name ofJulius Lascon could not be found in the Bates record of Company G, 47th P.V.I. This company does list ajulius Lasker, however, who may be the soldier in question. Pvt. Julius Lasker was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861 and was killed at Cedar Creek, Virginia, 19 Oct. 1864; he is buried in lot 10, National Cemetery, Winchester, Va. (Bates, 1: 1180). Lehigh County History, 320, also lists Julius Lasker with burial information as found in Bates. 111. James Geidner/Guidner, a Musician assigned to Co. G, 47th P.V.I., was mustered into service 113 Sep. 1861 and mustered out with the company 25 Dec. 1865 (Bates, 1: 1179). Lehigh County Histopy, 319, lists James Geidner without additional information. 112. Henry Getter's name does not appear in the list of 47th P.V.I. soldiers. A Pvt, Henry Geller, however, is listed on the roster of Co. G; he was mustered into service 18 Sep. 1861 and was absent, sick, at muster out (Bates, 1: 1179, and Lehigh County History, 320).